Texas & Pacific Railway v. Butler

CONNEB, Chief Justice. — This is an appeal from an order of the judge of the Forty-second Judicial District in vacation, dissolving a temporary injunction theretofore granted by him, restraining the execution of a judgment of the County Court of Eastland County on appeal from a-Justice Court, in appellee’s favor for the sum of eighty-five dollars. The original amount in controversy was less than one hundred dollars, appellee’s claim being for damages in a sum less than that amount, occasioned by reason of appellant’s negligence in permitting the escape of fire and sparks from its engines, which caused the burning of appellee’s grass. The ground upon which the district judge granted the temporary writ of injunction was that the jury which tried the case in the County Court had not been sworn, this fact not having been discovered by appellant until after the return of the verdict. Appellee moves to dismiss the appeal on the ground that the writ of injunction should have been made returnable to the County Court in accordance with the terms of Bevised Statutes, article 2996, which declares that “writs of injunction granted to stay proceedings in a suit or execution on a judgment shall be returnable to and tried in the court where such suit is pending or such judgment was rendered,” etc. Under article 5, section 16 of the Constitution, the. power to grant writs of injunction in cases where its jurisdiction alone is involved is vested in the County Court or judge thereof, to the exclusion of the District Court or judge thereof. See Dean v. State ex rel. Bailey, 88 Texas, 290; Lazarus v. Swafford, 15 Texas Civ. App,, 367; Foust v. Warren, 72 S. W., 404. But if the district judge had power in the first instance, as appellant contends, to order the issuance of the temporary writ of injunction, it seems clear under the statute quoted that it should have been returned to and heard by the County Court. Appellant seems to concede this to be true, save that it is insisted- that the judgment of the *325 County Court entered upon the verdict of the unsworn jury is an absolute nullity, and that therefore the district judge alone was empowered to. enjoin its execution. If it be conceded that the District Court may enjoin a void judgment of the County Court as insisted, but which we do not find it necessary to decide, we are unable to agree with appellant’s construction of the County Court’s judgment. It was said by our Supreme Court in the case of Clements v. Crawford, 42 Texas, 604, that it is too late after verdict and judgment to object to the formality of the oath administered to the jury, and in Burns v. Mathews, 46 S. W., 79, the Court of Civil Appeals for the Fourth District refused to support a motion for a new trial on the ground that one or more of the jurymen who tried the case was not sworn, it being stated that it was the duty of counsel to be on the alert and see that the jury was properly sworn. Appellant has cited us to no case holding that a judgment based upon the verdict of an unsworn jury is a nullity, nor have we found any such decision. Under our law a trial by jury may be waived, and we think the failure of the county judge constituted an irregularity only, and not a ground for holding the judgment thereafter entered up an absolute nullity. We conclude that the failure of the County Court to swear the jury, as required by the statute, did not oust its jurisdiction to enter the judgment, and that the order of the district judge dissolving the temporary writ of injunction should be vacated, and it is so ordered. The motion to dismiss the appeal, however, will be overruled on the ground that our jurisdiction extends to all appeals from the District Court. See Acts of 1907, 206; Whitener v. Belknap, 89 Texas, 273. ON MOTION FOB REHEARING. Both appellant and appellees have presented motions for rehearing, and inasmuch as the parties seem to be confused as to the effect of the order made by us on original hearing, it will perhaps not be amiss, as mere matter of explanation to them, to point out again the fact that the appeal herein was only from an order of the district judge in vacation, and not from a judgment of the District Court. The legal effect of our opinion, as we conceive it to be, was that if it be conceded that the district judge had power to order the issuance of the writ in the first instance, but which we did not undertake to decide, the order was returnable to the County Court and not to the District Court, and that hence the District Court was thereafter without jurisdiction to pass upon the legal sufficiency of the petition, as he did, nor did we undertake to determine the question of the legal sufficiency of the petition for injunction. To have done so would have been to assume original jurisdiction, whereas under the Constitution and laws our jurisdiction is appellate. It was the function of the County Court, and not of this court, upon the writ being made returnable to it, as provided in the statute quoted in the original opinion, to first determine the legal sufficiency of the petition. Appellees complain at the imposition of the costs of the. appeal, but as to this we conceive that we are not authorized to disregard the statute on the subject. While appellant wrongfully procured' the filing of *326 the petition in the District Court, and the issuance therefrom of the writ of injunction, the record also manifests that both appellant and appellees appeared before the district judge in chambers in contest of the sufficiency of the petition, and that appellant duly appealed from the order made, which we have declared he was without jurisdiction to make. To that extent appellant prosecuted its appeal with effect, and hence, of course, was entitled to the costs of the appeal under the statute. No motion was made by appellees before the district judge to dismiss the proceedings, and no contest of the court’s jurisdiction appears to have been made, either there or in this court, and if the petition for injunction remain on file for hearing in term time upon the merits in the usual course of such proceedings, we can not assume that the court on final hearing will not tax the costs of said illegal proceedings against appellant. Its orders in this and in all other respects would be reviewable by us only upon appeal from the judgment of the court in the main case. In this case- the judgment of the County Court recited the fact that the jury was unsworn, and the record further shows that appellant presented its motion for new trial, which was overruled, setting this up as one of its grounds, and appellant contends with apparent force that under the Constitution it was entitled to the trial by jury, citing definitions to show that a “jury” is constituted by a selected body of qualified jurors “duly sworn.” While the right of a trial by jury is undoubtedly guaranteed by our Constitution, it may as undoubtedly be waived, and while the law devolves the duty upon the County Court of administering an oath to a jury that is impaneled, it may nevertheless be well said that it is the duty of counsel interested in the ease to observe the court’s proceedings, and in event of a failure to perform the statutory duty, to at once save the point by exception taken, or otherwise it will be deemed waived. But if this be not required, as appellant insists, nevertheless the County Court undoubtedly had jurisdiction of the parties and of the ease, and notwithstanding the court may have refused the motion for new trial, and notwithstanding no appeal was available in that proceeding, nevertheless the county judge under the amended Constitution, as may be seen from authorities quoted in the original opinion, had jurisdiction to entertain a petition for injunction, and from his order granting the writ or dissolving it after it had been granted an appeal would lie to this court, such orders being within the original jurisdiction of the County Court, as to which under the statute we are given appellate jurisdiction, irrespective of the amount involved. Or if we are allowed to assume that the county judge would refuse to grant a writ of injunction, from which no appeal could be taken, we could only say that it was for the Legislature and not the courts to provide a remedy for the resulting wrong. We conclude that both motions should be overruled.