Sportatorium, Inc. v. State

LOONEY, Justice. The State of Texas, through Hon. Andrew Patton, District Attorney for Dallas county, brought this action against the Sportatorium, Inc., W. T. Cox, Max Gross-man, and Red Norton (and two others, later dismissed from the suit), under the provisions of article 614b, Vernon’s Ann. P.C. (an Act of the 43d Legislature, 1934, Second Called Session, p. 131, c. 62), also under the. provisions of article 4664, R.C.S., alleging that defendants were maintaining a nuisance, as defined in said articles of the statute, praying that on final hearing the nuisance be abated and enjoined and, in the meantime, that defendants be temporarily enjoined from maintaining same. Appellants denied that they were guilty of maintaining a nuisance, on the contrary, were conducting merely a floor show, not in violation of any law. On hearing, the court granted the temporary writ, from which this appeal was prosecuted. The applicable sections of article 614b are: Section 1, which reads as follows: “It shall hereafter be unlawful for any person to conduct in public competition for prizes, awards or admission fees, any personal, physical or mental endurance contest that continues longer than twenty-four (24) hours”; section 2, “It shall hereafter be unlawful for any person to conduct, within any period of one hundred sixty-eight (168) hours, in public competition for prizes, awards, or admission fees, more than one (1) such personal, physical or mental endurance contest at the same place or location, and in which any of the same contestants engage”; also, section 7, reading: “Any house, structure, building, place or open air space that is being used for the purposes in violátion. of the provisions of this Act is hereby declared to be a common nuisance. Any person who knowingly maintains or assists in the maintaining of such a place is guilty of maintaining a nuisance.” Also section 8, among others, makes it the duty of the district attorney, on reliable information that such nuisance exists, to file suit in the name of the State against whoever is maintaining the same, for its abatement and to enjoin its future maintenance. While appellants in their brief have not questioned the constitutional validity of the statute in question, it was suggested at the oral argument that it was of doubtful validity. We think the act is valid and that in its enactment the Legislature was clearly within the proper exercise of its police power for the protection of the health and morals of the people. City of Birmingham v. Leo A. Seltzer, Inc., 229 Ala. 675, 159 So. 203; Pughe v. Lyle (D. C.) 10 F.Supp. 245; Weaver v. Stone (D. C.) 11 F.Supp. 559. The facts show that appellants were engaged or interested in an attraction designated on their admission tickets as the “Battle of the Champions,” “Derby Show,” “The 1937 Version of the Walkathon,” conducted in a building known as the “Sportatorium,” located near the intersection of Industrial boulevard and Cadiz street, near the limits of the city of Dallas. Four deputy sheriffs of Dallas county witnessed these performances (relieving each other at the vigil) from Friday, February 19, 1937, at 1:56 p. m.. to 11 p. m. Saturday, February 20th; also-by Harold McCracken, assistant district attorney, ,who attended same from 7:30 p. m., November 18, 1937, to about 11 p. m. same day, and again on the night of February 19th, and also on Saturday night, February 20th, from 11:30 to 1:45 a. m. February 21st. These witnesses observed the crowds, the different physical acts and performances of the participants, and heard the announcements made by the manager of the performances, *914 and the advertisements broadcasted over radio from the building. The entertainments begun Thursday, February 18, 1937, at 9 p. m. and ended Monday, February 22d. At first, about 34 couples (a man and a woman) participated in the performances, the participants being persons who formerly had training for this character of entertainment. During the first night, 5 participants were eliminated; the second night 8 more were eliminated, and at the close only 20 couples remained, the others having been eliminated under some order or rule of the management. The samé persons participated throughout the performances, until eliminated — that is, the 20 couples remaining at the end were among those at the beginning. Their physical activities were dancing or walking around on the platform built in the center of the arena, and were required to be continually in motion for 45 minutes of each hour during 22 hours of each day, 15 minutes of each hour and two hours — from 5 to 7 — each morning were allowed for rest, sleep, recreation, etc. As touching the character of the performances, Mr. Gross-man, one of the defendants, testified that at 1:30 p. m. Saturday (February 20th) their Mr. Flail announced over radio, as follows: “Again we greet you from the Sportatorium here at Cadiz and Industrial Boulevard, in the Derby Show of 1937. Now, the markers on the score board tells us that forty training periods have elapsed, and that there have been more disqualifications last night. We had thirty-one teams and now six have been eliminated in the first 24. hours, and now we understand that there have been eight disqualifications during the night, of boys and girls who have violated the rules and regulations of the Derby Show, and have been eliminated, and before we go on I want to tell you that the Derby Show has hit Dallas, and thousands of guests have been over here, and have congratulated us on the fine manner in which the Derby Show has been presented, and the very nice bunch of girls that we have, and the dancers and singers out there tp make the complete twenty-three hours of entertainment by the Derby Floor Show, and we are under way for the greatest night- tonight of the entire forty-six training periods, and now we are going to have more fun with our Saturday Night Frolic, and our program this afternoon is particularly complete, and the price of admission is one dime, and about six o’clock they go off. There were many disqualifications during the night; it started at 1 last evening and they (mentioning nair persons disqualified) were eliminate violation of the rules and regulation-10:30 No. 35, a brother and sister team, were eliminated, and it happened again at 11:45 this morning, and the young lady of team No. 37 was eliminated, and again this morning at 4:30, couple No. 20 were disqualified'. So, that leaves at this time twenty-five teams and four boy solos out there, and the going is getting to be a little bit rough. There were many dance numbers presented, and each evening of the Derby Show we are going to allow the boys and girls to get out on the floor and dance, and at 11:55 tonight we will have another dance just for you, for the first European Midnight Frolic, and we have arranged for horns and hats and noise-makers and there will be a frolic, and we will have our master of ceremonies and our orchestra, and we have made plans to stay out all night tonight. Now, we are going to present some entertainment for you by Miss Kate Gary, the partner of Jackie Parr. Last evening, there were eight disqualifications, and there are now twenty-four defending teams in the battle of the Marathon Champions and this afternoon there will be just as much fun, with someone falling to the floor and being eliminated for violation of the rules; we have a man watching them to see that their two knees do not touch the floor. We don’t believe in allowing boys and girls to crawl around on the floor and allowed to carry on. We do not believe that a boy or girl should be allowed to stay out there any longer than they can stand on their feet. In other words, if they fall down once that is enough to disqualify them. So, it is more or less a case of staying awake and keeping in good touch with your partners, and it is like a three-ringed circus. There are twenty-five teams doing different steps on the same dance number, and there are thousands of fans who have been to the Derby Show this season who say they have never seen such a great field of entertainers. The floor judge has called for a dance number, and that means drop everything but your partner, and on with the dance. The price of admission in the day is fifteen cents, and after 5:00 o’clock twenty-five cents.” And again, at 4:15 p. m. the following announcement was made over radio: “Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. We are speaking from the Sporta-torium here at- Dallas, for the Derby *915 Show of 1937, and all the hoys and girls have just returned to the floor after having completed one of their fifteen minute rest periods. And tonight is the great night. Thursday night there were . thirty-two teams started off, and the first night there were five of them eliminated. Last night there were eight more eliminated, and we now find ourselves with twenty-five couples and four boy solos. The boys and girls are arranged on each side, and our preparations are under way for the greatest night of all tonight, beginning about sunset and winding up tomorrow about sunrise. The floor judge is now ordering the' first dance number. Ladies and gentlemen, everyone came back very happy, and I will tell you that twenty-five teams and four solos did come back to the floor and' our guests found the greatest field of entertainers they have ever seen ■ before. Most of the boys and girls are champions or runners-up, and when you see what we have out on the floor, with every boy and girl dancing, if you want to get in on all the fun come at 6 o’clock and plan to stay till sunrise Sunday morning. The price of admission is fifteen cents up to 5 o’clock and after that twenty-five cents. The address is Cadiz and Industrial Boulevard. Now, I am going to call Pee-Wee Collins back here. He is being sponsored by the J. B. Cab Company, phone 2-8484. Now, ladies and gentlemen, this is Pee-Wee Collins here at the Derby Show, and it is Saturday night at the Derby Show, and all plans are under way for the Derby Show tonight, singers, dancers, and entertainers, and our master of ceremonies will be here and the floor judge. Here is another dance. Now, another regular dance number has been completed here, and I would like to have Mickey Martin hurry back over here, of Team 23. Here are two teams being sponsored by the Red Top Ale Company, and another team being sponsored by the Falstaff Brewing Company. This is the Derby Show of 1937, Saturday night, and plenty of noise.” Mr. McCracken, assistant district attorney, testified that he was present at the opening of the entertainment, on the evening of Thursday, February 18th; that they had an orchestra, music and a master of ceremonies who introduced the participating couples, stating their past participation in other shows, also introduced the floor judge. Thereafter, the couples continually danced and walked around on the platform, the announcer stating that the object of the dance was to wear them' (participants) down, the rule being that, if any one fell to the floor or their knees touched the "floor, they were disqualified and eliminated. Witness was there again Saturday the 20th, no new participants appeared so far as he could tell, the former all being present except those eliminated, and that the participants had the appearance of being fatigued. Witness testified further to seeing several persons drinking liquor from bottles, and that about 1:30 a. m. the announcer asked if any one had a bottle; this brought cheering from the crowd; he then said if any one had a bottle, to reach in his pocket, pull it out, and then shake hands with his friends. As a result of this announcement, several bottles were exhibited, and three couples were observed drinking from bottles, and about 1:35 a. m. witness observed three men engaged in a scuffle, a policeman appeared and handcuffed one of them.’ Witness also testified that the announcer introduced the floor judge as being a well-known floor judge of contests and derbies. It was also announced that contestants would constantly be under the control and supervision of the floor judge, announcing the rule that, if any one fell to the floor with both knees, they would be disqualified and eliminated; or, if any one failed to return to the floor after a rest period, they would likewise be disqualified, and that at all times participants must keep constantly in motion— walking, dancing, moving on the floor for 45 minutes out of each hour. At intervals during the 45 minute periods of walking, etc., certain of the participants presented music and dancing, the others, not so engaged, kept their bodies constantly in motion. These performances were numerously attended, the average being 2,500 persons per day, being largely women and children during daytime; the performers received no salary or compensation in any form from the management, other than their lodging and meals served in the building, but we do not regard salary or pay to the performance an element of the offense charged. However, certain business concerns in the city of Dallas became their sponsors for advertising purposes, from which the performers made some money; they also sold pictures in the arena, and those entertaining the crowds with music and dancing received free will offerings pitched upon the platform. Altogether, from these various sources, the testimony *916 shows that they made good money, hence the conclusion that so long as performérs continued to be performers they had an opportunity to make money from these sources. The foregoing presents the material facts, which, we think, sustain the finding of the court to the effect that a common nuisance, as defined by statute, existed, and authorized the issuance of the temporary injunction. The statute defines two offenses — in section 1 of article 614b, Vernon’s Ann. P.C., above quoted, a public competition for .admission fees of a personal physical endurance contest, continuing longer than 24 hours, is one offense, and constitutes the building where the same is exhibited a common nuisance; and section 2 of said article, referring to such contests continuing for 24 hours or less, provides that, where more than one such public competition of a physical personal endurance contest by any of the same contestants is held within a period of 168 hours, is a distinct offense, and constitutes the building where held a common nuisance. The evidence shows that admission fees were charged those attending the performances; that the contest was public, personal and physical, and the evidence tends to show that the contest continued until the endurance of participants was broken down. The descriptive terms on admission tickets and in radio announcements are significant as indicating the character of performances given. The term “Derby Show” means the exhibition of a contest. “Derby” originally referred to a race between three year old horses, hence, as applied to the conduct of man, can only mean a physical endurance contest of some kind. “Battle of the Champions,” to which the public was invited, has no significance other than that of a contest. In the radio address the announcer said, “ * * * There are now 24 defending teams in the Battle of the Marathon Champions. * * * ” The term “Marathon” had its origin in memory of the Greek who ran from Marathon to Athens, bearing victorious news (490 B. C.), hence its modern meaning is any race or physical endurance contest. The term “Walkathon” has been held to be a further variation of the marathon dance, in which contestants walk instead of dance. Weaver v. Stone (D.C.) 11 F.Supp. SS9. The contest was, 'in our. opinion, a continuous one and by the same participants, except those. eliminated, and was broken only at short intervals, which, in our opinion, did not break the continuity of the contest. However, if it can be correctly said that, the contest lasted for less than 24 hours, yet the same participants continued through more than one such 'contest within a less period than 168 hours; hence, an offense was committed under section 2 of said article of the Penal Code, and in either event the building where the contest was held became and was a common nuisance. However, appellants insist that, as the undisputed evidence showed that no physical endurance contest was had, the State wholly failed to make out its case. This contention is based on the testimony of defendants Max Grossman and Red Norton, who gave testimony to the effect that the words on the tickets and the language employed in radio addresses, tending to show a real physical endurance contest by the participants, were for advertising purposes, merely showmanship to attract the public, and that as a matter of fact no contest whatever was had; that the elimination of participants was by prearrangement, and not the result of their physical exhaustion, or for any reason, other than on orders of the management. The weakness of this contention is, that the court was not compelled to accept the testimony of these witnesses as neutralizing or destroying the telltale words on the tickets and in radio addresses. The advertising propaganda was put forth before a lawsuit was thought of, and was binding on defendants as admissions deliberately made and entitled to more weight than subsequent denials made at the trial. In Southern-Pacific Co. v. Godfrey, 48 Tex. Civ.App. 616, 107 S.W. 1135, 1136, the court stated the rule that obtains in such a situation, as follows: “While advertisements . frequently give a rose-tinted hue to the claims contained in them, and are too often published to deceive rather than to give truthful information, still we can see no reason why an admission made against a party’s interest therein contained should not be permitted to confront him when-a different state of facts is being contended for by him. It stands in the category of any other admission, and cannot be rendered incompetent evidence by the contention that it was only an advertisement tú catch the credulous public.” *917 While the court made no findings on the issue presented by the State, alleging that the Sportatorium was a common nuisance, in that, being a public pleasure resort, two or more persons assembled there for the purpose of drinking intoxicating liqitors, as defined by article 4664, R.C.S., yet the evidence on that issue would, in our opinion, also have justified the issuance of the injunction. Public drinking from bottles was observed in the room where the performances were given, and empty bottles were gathered up after the performances, indicating that they were emptied by persons drinking while-at the performances; besides, the conduct of the announcer, in publicly asking if any one had a bottle to take it from his pocket and then shake hands with his friends, showed not only that the management tolerated public drinking, but by clear implication invited such conduct on the part of those assembled. Therefore, we are of opinion that the court did not err in issuing the temporary injunction, and its judgment is affirmed. Affirmed.