Ex Parte Nitsche

HARPER, Judge. —Complaint was sworn to before the county attorney, charging relator with selling unwholesome meat. This complaint was filed in the Justice Court, and relator tried and convicted. No information was filed by the county attorney in Justice Court, and relator seeks to have the proceedings declared void, because of the fact that the county attorney did not, in addition to a complaint, file an information on the complaint in the Justice Court. The question presented is, where the county attorney takes the complaint and files it in the Justice Court, is he also required to file an information in that court ? Relator’s able attorney admits that if the complaint is taken by the justice of the peace, or any officer other than the county attorney, the law does not require the filing of an information in the Justice Court, but he insists that article 36 of the Code of Criminal Procedure requires an information to be filed in Justice Court if the complaint is sworn to before the county attorney. *132 The writer can not agree that an information is required to be filed on a complaint in Justice Court in any instance, and does not think the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure will bear any such construction when read all together. The Constitution of 1869 provided in article V, section 17: “Every criminal offense that may by law be punished by death, or in the discretion of the jury by imprisonment to hard labor for life, and every offense that may by law be punished by imprisonment in the State penitentiary, shall be deemed a felony, and shall only be tried upon an indictment found by a grand jury. But all offenses of a less grade than a felony'may be prosecuted upon complaint, under oath, by any peace officer or citizen, before any justice of the peace or other inferior tribunal that may be established by law; and the party so prosecuted shall have the right of trial by a jury, to be summoned in such manner as may be prescribed by law.” Thus, under this Constitution, it is made plain that only a complaint was required in all prosecutions1 cognizable in the Justice Court. When the Constitution of 1876 was adopted we find a provision “that no person shall be held to answer a criminal offense, unless on indictment of a grand jury, except in cases in which the punishment is by fine or imprisonment otherwise than in the penitentiary.” Then follow provisions providing for the various courts, including the Justice Court, limiting the jurisdiction of the Justice Courts in criminal cases where the penalty or fine to be imposed may not be more than two hundred dollars, leaving to the legislative branch of the government proceedings to be had in misdemeanor cases to institute a criminal charge. Following the adoption of the Constitution in 1876 the Legislature convened in April, 1876, and in an Act entitled “An Act to define and regulate the duties of county attorneys,” we find the following provisions: “Sec. 13. TJpon complaint being made before the county attorney that an offense has been committed which the County Court or a justice of the peace has jurisdiction to try, it shall be the duty of said county attorney to reduce the complaint to writing, and cause the same to be signed and sworn to by the complainant, and it shall be duly attesied by said county attorney. Said complainant shall state the name of the accused, if his name is known, and the offense for which he is charged shall be stated in plain and intelligible words; and it must appear that the offense was committed in the county where the complaint is filed; and the complaint must show, from the date of the offense stated therein, that the offense is not barred by limitation. “See. 14. The complaint specified in section 13 of this Act may be made before any judge of the County Court, county attorney or justice of the peace; and, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act, the county attorney is hereby authorized to administer an oath. “Sec. 15. It shall be the duty of the county attorney, upon the filing of said complaint, to prepare an information in writing, which shall be in compliance with article 403, pa'rt third, title 4, chapter 3, of the Code of Criminal Procedure.” *133 These provisions are in chapter LXXXIX, Session Acts, pages 85 to 86, and were approved August 7, 1876. To give these sections a literal construction it would, .by the provisions of section 15, be seen that the county attorney was required to file an information in all cases whether instituted in the Justice or the County Court, and whether the complaint was sworn to before him, the county judge or the justice of the peace, and doubtless that would have been the proper construction to have given that Act, if the Legislature had not at the same session later adopted another Act, being chapter GUI, entitled “An Act to provide, for the election of justices of the peace, and to define their powers and jurisdiction,” which was approved August 17, 1876, which was ten days subsequent to the Act relating to the duties of the county attorney. It is a well known rule of construction that all laws passed at the same session of the Legislature must be construed together, and especially is this true where the Legislature is adopting a code of procedure immediately subsequent to the adoption of a Constitution, and that if there is an irreconcilable conflict between the' two Acts passed at the same session, the last passed by the Legislature will govern and control. The Act passed last, approved August 17th, was an Act dealing exclusively with the Justice Courts, and embraces some forty-one sections, one of which (sec. 29) reads as follows: “Upon complaint being made before any justice of the peace, or any other officer authorized by law to administer oaths, that an offense has been committed in the county which a justice of the peace has jurisdiction finally to try, the justice or other officer shall reduce the same to writing, and cause the same to be signed and sworn to by the complainant, and it shall be duly attested by such justice or other officer before whom it shall be made; and when made before such justice, or when returned to him made before any other officer, the same shall be filed by him. Said complaint shall state the name of the accused, if his name is known, and the offense with which lie is charged shall he stated in plain and intelligible words, and the complainant must show, from the date of the offense stated therein, that the offense is not barred by limitation.” This provision provides if the complaint is made before any justice of the peace, or any other officer authorized by law to administer oaths, the proceedings which shall be had, and those provisions of the code in force at that time and now in force regulating trials before the Justice Court provide that on the trial the complaint and warrant shall be read to the accused. (Art. 985, C. C. P.) This article was numbered 824 in the old code in force in 1876, and has been brought forward in every revision since that time in identically the same language. Under all these provisions of the code, although sections 13, 14, and 15 of the Act of August 7, 1876, provided that when the complaint was made before any county judge, county attorney, or justice of the peace, it should be the duty of the county attorney to prepare and file an information, it was the rule of construction from 1876 to 1879, so far as we can ascertain, taking into consideration the provisions of the Act *134 regulating Justice Courts, passed August 17, 1876, and the provisions of the code regulating trials in Justice Courts, no information was required, and trials have always been in Justice Courts upon complaint alone. The first revision after the Constitution of 1876 was adopted was had in 1879, and sections 13, 14, and 1-5 of the Act of August 7, 1876, were brought forward therein as articles 35 and 36, with the verbiage slightly changed, but by reference to the revision of 1879, it will be seen by the marginal notes in the official statute that articles 35 and 36 are based upon sections 13, 14-, and 15 of the Act of August 7, 1876— section 15 being changed so as to read, “If the offense be a misdemeanor, the attorney shall forthwith prepare an information and file the same, together with the - complaint, in the court having jurisdiction of the offense.” Thus it is seen that in the broadest sense the county attorney would be required to file an information in all cases in Justice Courts. However, it is not insisted that he is so required, but only in cases where the complaint is sworn to before him, and it is contended that this is the proper construction when read in connection with the articles of the code immediately preceding. However, in the same revision of 1879 the provisions of the Act of August 17, 1876, were also brought forward, and section 29, hereinbefore copied, was brought forward as article 902, as shown by the official statute adopted in 1879, and this section has been brought forward in every revision since that time and is now article 972, and the provisions for the.trial of cases in Justice Courts in force in 1876 have been brought forward in each revision of the code unchanged and still read that upon the trial, “the complaint and warrant shall be read to the defendant.” Art. 985 (O. C., 824). By reading the provisions of chapter 3 of title 11 of the present Code of Criminal Procedure, relating to trials in Justice Courts, and the provisions in force governing trials in said courts in 1876, it will be seen they are identical, the language not being modified nor changed in the slightest particular, and it has always provided that only a complaint should be read to the defendant in Justice Court. After a careful review of the Code of Criminal Procedure under the Constitution in force prior to 1876, and the provisions of all the Acts of the Legislature adopted since the adoption of the present Constitution in 1876, relating to the question in issue, we are of the opinion that our Criminal • Code as provided by the Legislature, under the Constitution, requires that in prosecutions for a felony it must be upon indictment found by the grand jury; in prosecutions for misdemeanors, it must be upon an information founded upon a complaint, when brought in the County Court, but when the prosecution is had in Justice Court, only a complaint is required. The various provisions of our criminal procedure so provide when construed as a whole; and in our opinion it would be doing violence to the intent of the Legislature to so construe it that in certain instances a prosecution could be maintained in Justice Court upon complaint alone, and in other instances it would take both a complaint and information in the Justice Court. Of course, if the Legislature had so provided it *135 .would be our duty to so hold, but when the entire code is read, and the various Acts as passed are considered, we do not think such a construction a proper one. [Eehearing denied November 25, 1914.—Beporter.] Eelator remanded. Relator remanded.