Evans v. Terrell

Mr Chief Justice Gaines delivered the opinion of the court. This is a petition for the writ of mandamus to compel the respondent, as Commissioner of the General Land Office, to set aside the cancellation of an award of two sections of school land in Trinity County. The defense by respondent is a general demurrer to the petition. The facts alleged in the petition are, in substance, that the relator being the owner of a small tract of land within a radius of five miles of which are situated the two sections in controversy, made application to purchase them as additional lands to his private land; that on the 28th of February, 1908, one section was awarded to him, and the other a short time thereafter; that within ninety days from the date above mentioned he made extensive improvements upon his private land amounting in value to $800 and settled thereon with his family and has ever since continued to reside thereon; but that on the 3d of September, 1907, the respondent cancelled the awards, endorsing thereon “application and award cancelled; affidavit of *168 settlement not filed within thirty days after expiration' of ninety days after award.” It is clear that the relator has complied1 with all the requirements of the statute save that of making an affidavit of settlement within 120 days from the date of the award, if that be one. Is such affidavit required in case of a purchase of school land, as “additional to his own private land?” We think not. Section 3 of the Act of April 15, 1905, in relation to the sale and lease of the school lands provides that “any person desiring to purchase any of the surveyed land mentioned in this act shall make a separate application in writing for each tract applied for and he addressed; to the Commissioner of the General Land Office, It shall sufficiently designate the tract sought to be purchased,' and give the price offered therefor which shall not be less than the appraised value fixed by the Commissioner. Each application shall contain the. affidavit of the applicant to the effect that he desires to purchase the land for a 'home, or as additional to the home applied for, or as additional to his own land which has been theretofore purchased from the State- or as additional to his own private land, as the case may be, and that he is or will, as the case may be, in good faith become in person an actual bona fide settler on some portion of the land he purchases, or upon his other land, as the case may be, within ninety days from the date his application is accepted, also that he is not acting in collusion with others for the purpose of buying the land for any other person or corporation, and that no other person or corporation is directly or indirectly interested in the purchase thereof.” (Laws 1905, p. 160.) The provision of that act in relation to the affidavit of settlement is found in section 4 of the Act and reads as follows: “The applicant shall have ninety days from the date of the acceptance of his application within which to actually settle upon the land so purchased, and he shall within thirty days after the expiration- of said ninety days given within which to make settlement, file in the Land Office his affidavit that he has in good faith actually in person settled upon the land purchased by him. Should the applicant fail to make and file the affidavit and proof of settlement as herein provided within the time specified, the Commissioner of the General Land Office shall indorse that fact upon his application, cancelling the same, etc.” (Laws 1905, p. 162.) This clearly applies to a case only where the purchaser bought with the intention of settling upon the. land purchased or some part of it. How could a purchaser malee this oath, who has made application to purchase lands additional to his own private land and has made affidavit that he will become an actual settler upon his own private land. Clearly the statute prescribes no affidavit appropriate to the latter case. It is difficult to see any reason why the rule should not have been made to apply in such a case as well as in a case where the purchaser proposes- to settle upon a part of the land purchased. This can make no difference in the. construction of the law. It is simply “casus omissus” to which the maxim applies that “a case omitted is held to have been intentionally omitted.” (6 *169 Cyc., 702.) Because we can not see why the Legislature should have made a different rule as to a purchaser who buys school land as additional to his own private land, proposing to make his settle; ment upon the latter, is no reason why we should read a requirement in the statute which is clearly omitted—and this is particularly true when the effect of .such construction would work a forfeiture of a right. Our holding that the failure to file the affidavit of settlement does not in relator’s case forfeit his award of the land, does not have the effect of absolving him from the duty of making his settlement and continued occupancy of the land for three years. If the settlement had not been made or if it should be abandoned, it would have been and will be the duty of the Commissioner to forfeit the purchase whenever satisfactorily apprised of the fact. We think the mandamus should be awarded, and it is accordingly so ordered.