Stone v. Robinson

HALL, J. Appellant, J. B. Stone, plaintiff below, filed suit June 21, 1918, in form of trespass to try title, being cause No. 1188, in the district court of Lubbock county, against appellees, Jim Robinson, Jr., and James Scott and wife, for the recovery of 40 acres of land adjoining the town of Lubbock. The court directed a verdict for the defendants, and judgment was entered accordingly. Plaintiff’s petition is in the usual form of trespass to try title. Appellees answered jointly, by general demurrer, plea of not guilty; that plaintiff had previously elected his remedy; res judicata; and the statutes of limitations of three, four, and five years. The substance ' of the answer is that on April 25, 1914, plaintiff Stone filed his suit No. 834 on the docket of the district court of Lubbock county, against the appellees and other defendants, alleging that the plaintiff in said cause No. 834 had pleaded that on September 9, 1909, the defendant therein, Jim Robinson, Jr., executed and delivered to the plaintiff two vendors’ lien notes of even date therewith, for'the sum of $3,500 each, ’ payable to the order of plaintiff in one and two years after date, respectively, with 8 per cent, interest and 10 per cent, attorney’s fees; that said notes were given in part payment for the 40 acres of land in controversy; that the vendor’s lien was (expressly reserved in the deed conveying said land from the plaintiff and wife to the defendant Jim Robinson, Jr.; that at the time of the execution of the deed plaintiff gave one W. S. Posey a power of attorney to execute the release of the lien on lots to be sold, upon payment of $30 per lot (with the exception of plaintiff’s residence lots over which the controversy arose); that after said conveyance the land was plotted into what'is known as Robinson’s addition;' that the transaction of September 9, 1909, was a lottery scheme and could not be affirmed by the parties or enforced in the courts; that such defense was clearly made by them upon the trial of cause No. 834, and sustained, the plaintiff being denied" the right to enforce his contract and a foreclosure of the vendor’s lien; that in said cause No. S34 plaintiff had elected his remedy, and the cause of action herein was res judicata. The answer further set up the statutes of limitations of three, four, and five years. By way of supplemental petition, plaintiff denied the allegations contained in the answer and specially alleged that it was true that he had in said cause No. 834 attempted to obtain the foreclosure of the vendor’s lien, but was denied an afiirmanee of the contract *6 of September 9, 1909, and prevented from pursuing said remedy and obtaining judgment prayed for in that suit; that the transaction of Septemoer 9, 1909, set up by the defendants, was an executory contract, made by the parties thereto in furtherance of a lottery scheme; that the appellees are claiming under and by virtue of said contract, which is contrary to public policy and good morals and should not be enforced in favor of appellees; that whatever claim the defendants herein have to said land accrued subject to the transactions stated and in subordination to the superior right and title of plaintiff; that on or about January 2,1915, the appellees admitted in writing that the plaintiff’s debt was just, due, and unpaid, and then and there induced the plaintiff to believe their claims were subordinate to plaintiff’s right and title; that up to the time of the filing of defendants’ answer on December 30, 1918, in said cause .834, the defendants repeatedly recognized the superior right and title of the-plaintiff; that not ■until then did the defendants give notice of their adverse possession or assert title hostile to plaintiff; that plaintiff relied on the conduct of the defendants, and, if he had known that they were repudiating his superior right and title, suit would have been filed before his cause of action was barred; that it would be unjust for defendants to acquire said land which is of the value of $8,500 without paying therefor; that the statutes of limitations were suspended by the conduct of defendants, and they are estopped to plead title by limitations. In cause No. 834 plaintiff recovered judgment for the amount of his notes foreclosing the vendor’s lien upon all of the land except that portion upon which James Scott’s residence was located. That judgment was reversed by this court, in which it was held that the trial court erred in said cause No. 834, in its construction of the power of attorney. Upon another trial appellees herein amended their original answer, November 30, 1914, alleging for the first time that the transaction of September 9, 1909, was a lottery and not enforceable, and that said power of attorney provided for the release of lots on the payment of $30 each, and was made in furtherance of the lottery scheme. Upon a Second trial, the court rendered judgment July 3, 1917, refusing to enforce the executory contract of September 9, 1909, and denying the plaintiff a foreclosure of the vendor’s lien or a recovery on said notes. From this judgment a second appeal was prosecuted and the judgment affirmed in this court. Thereafter this suit was instituted to recover the land. Upon the trial it was admitted that plaintiff Stone acquired title from and under the sovereignty of the soil to the 40 acres of land in controversy. The defendants introduced in evidence: (1) A deed from J. B. Stone and wife to Jim Robinson, Jr., dated September 9, 1909, conveying the 40 acres in controversy and retaining the vendor’s lien to secure payment of the -two purchase-money notes of $3,500 each; (2) a plot of the Robinson addition to the town of Lubbock, showing the subdivision into lots and blocks of the 40 acres in controversy; (3) power of attorney from J. B. Stone to W. S. Posey, dated September 9, 1909; (4) deed from, Jim Robinson, Jr., to Lizzie Sanders, conveying the property on which the James Scott residence is located; (5) deed from Lizzie Sanders and husband to James Scott, conveying the property on which the Scott residence is located. The appellant attacks the action of the court in directing a verdict upon a number of grounds, which, under the view we have of the case, it will not be necessary for us to consider. He insists that, his action being in the form of trespass to try title, it was only necessary for him to show title in himself from the sovereignty of the soil. If the trial had ended with the introduction of mesne conveyances, showing title in him from the state, this contention would be correct. His former suit was an effort to collect the amount of the notes and to foreclose his vendor’s lien. Stone v. Robinson, 203 S. W. 1132. Having been defeated in this effort by appellees’ plea and proof, showing an illegal contract, this action was filed to recover the land, upon the theory that the contract of September 9, 1909, was an ex-ecutory contract, under which the superior title remained in him. [1] While it is true that under that contract appellant retained the superior title, this fact does not preclude appellee from interposing in this suit as a defense the illegality of the contract which conveyed to him the equitable title. While we think the proof of illegality in the contract of September 9, 1909, is a defense to appellant’s suit, we do not find it necessary to base the disposition of this appeal upon that issue. In Hall v. Edwards, 194 S. W. 674, this court considered the question of the right of a vendee to set up the illegality of a contract, and held that such a defense was available against the vendor’s effort to recover the land. While the Supreme Court has granted a writ of error, we are not prepared to recede from our holding in that case. [2] We do not agree with appellees’ contention that in the former suit, in which appellant sought to recover upon the notes, he elected his remedy and is bound by such election and cannot therefore maintain this suit. Where a plaintiff has two inconsistent remedies under a contract and elects to pursue one of them, in which suit the defendant repudiates his liability, by pleading the statute of limitation or other like plea, the plaintiff may again exercise his right of election and resort to his other remedy. [3, 4] The doctrine is well established in *7 this state that the vendor in an executory-contract of sale has, upon default of the vendee, the right to sue for either the land or the purchase money, and, as suggested in several opinions by the Supreme Court, the better practice is to unite his causes of action, pleading and praying in the alternative. In this litigation appellant elected to pursue his remedies by separate actions, and appellee insists that his right to resort to the remedy here and now pursued is barred by the statutes of three, four, and five years. It has been held by the Supreme Court, in Burnham v. Hardy Oil Co., 108 Tex. 555, 195 S. W. 1142, that the three years’ statute of limitation does not apply to cases of this character. This point was discussed by Boyce, Justice, referring to the Burnham Case, in St. Louis Union Trust Co. v. Harbaugh, 205 S. W. 497. We deem further discussion of the application of the statute unnecessary in this connection. [5, 6] There was no assertion of adverse ownership on the part of appellee in this case prior to the time he filed his answer, November 80, 1914, setting up the illegality of the contract in the former suit. While there are some allegations in appellee’s answer upon which the case was tried, the first time, denying that appellant had any lien upon the property in question (Stone v. Robinson, 180 S. W. 135), these allegations are merely conclusions of the pleader, drawn from the facts alleged, showing appellant’s duty to release the lien under the contract. As stated, the first hostile assertion of title is found in appellee’s answer, filed in the trial court after the case 'was reversed the first time, in which the illegality of the contract it set up. For this reason the five years’ statute cannot apply. We think,- however, Vernon’s Sayles’ Civil Statutes, art. 5694, is clearly applicable to the facts shown in the record, and that under the provisions of that article appellant’s right to recover herein is barred. R. B. Godley Lbr. Co. v. C. C. Slaughter, 202 S. W. 801; Adams v. Harris, 190 S. W. 245. The provisions of the article applicable here are that the right to recover any real estate, by virtue of a superior title retained in any deed of conveyance, shall be barred after the expiration of four years from the. maturity of the note or notes evidencing such indebtedness, and that, if suit is not brought for the recovery of such real estate within four years from the date of the maturity of such indebtedness, by the vendor, the purchase money thereof shall be conclusively presumed to have been paid. It was shown that the notes evidencing the indebtedness arising under the contract of September 9, 1909, matured September 9, 1910, and 1911, respectively. This suit was filed June 21, 1918. As stated above, under the well-recognized rule of practice in this state, appellant might have sued to recover the land in the alternative in the first action filed by him, but haying exercised his option to pursue his remedies by separate actions, and having sued to recover the land more than four yqars after the last note matured, his last action is barred by the above-named statute. The running of the statute was not suspgnded by the first suit. City of Dallas v. Kruegel, 95 Tex. 43, 64 S. W. 922; Browning v. Pumphrey, 81 Tex. 163, 10 S. W. 870; Windom v. Howard, 26 S. W. 175; Bowen v. Kirkland, 17 Tex. Civ. App. 346, 44 S. W. 189; Duke v. Reed, 64 Tex. 705. For the reasons stated, the judgment is affirmed. Footnotes [1] <g=»Eor other cases see same topic and KEY-NUMBER in all Key-Numbered Digests and Indexes