Speer v. Allen

TALBOT, J. This suit was brought by the appellee against appellant to recover damages for malicious prosecution. The petition alleges, in substance, that the appellant made an affidavit on the 12th day of December, 1905, before Mason Cleveland, the then county attorney of Johnson county, Tex., charging appellee with the offense of unlawfully and fraudulently disposing of certain personal property, without appellant’s consent, upon which she had given appellant a mortgage in writing to secure him in the payment of a debt owing by appellee to appellant. The petition further alleges that the prosecution so instituted against appel-lee was prompted by malice and without probable .cause, that the grand jury failed to indict appellee of the charge preferred against her by appellant, and that said prosecution had been dismissed. The defendant answered by a general demurrer and general denial. A jury trial resulted in a verdict and judgment in favor of the appellee for $800 actual and $400 exemplary damages, and appellant appealed. The appellant requested the court to charge the jury as follows: “In this case you are instructed that the general description in the mortgage as to the property located or to be located in the Padelford House was sufficient to cover and include within the terms of the mortgage any and all property of the kind generally described and referred to in said mortgage that was situated or located' in said Padelford House, and this irrespective of the fact as to whether or not each item of the property was specifically described in said mortgage.” This charge was refused, and the jury instructed, in effect, that the mortgage of the appellant covered only the goods that are set out and described in said mortgage, and that, before they would be warranted in concluding that the appel-lee was guilty as charged in the affidavit made by the appellant dated December 12, 1905, they must believe from the evidence that the goods set out in said affidavit were the goods described in said mortgage, but that they could consider “all of said mortgage in determining whether or not R. M. Speer had probable cause for believing, and did honestly believe, that the property listed in said complaint was included in said mortgage.” We think the court should have given the charge requested by appellant, or a charge equivalent thereto, instead of instructing the jury as above shown. The affidavit made by appellant upon which the prosecution of appellee was based and upon which this suit was predicated described the property alleged to have been disposed of by appellee as one lot of fruit saucers, one lot of twelve dinner plates, one dozen goblets, one floor rug, one bed mattress, one pillow, one lamp, one stew pan, three vegetable dishes. The mortgage introduced by appellant, after setting out and specifically describing certain items of personal property upon which said mortgage was given, uses the following language: “Also all the household furniture, dishes, linens, silver and chinaware and everything in the house specified ‘Padelford House’ or that may be put in there by Mrs. Allen to use as house furnishings any time hereafter until this mortgage has been settled.” The evidence, without contradiction, showed that the property described in the affidavit in question had been located in the Padelford House, and whether this property was embraced in the mortgage given by ap-pellee to the appellant was one of the principal questions in the case. Mrs. Hardin, a witness for the appellant, testified that the appellee sold to her at the Padelford House, at which house the appellee was living and keeping boarders, on the night before the boarding house was closed by appellee, the particular property described in said affidavit, and there was also evidence that appel-lee purchased of appellant, and perhaps of other parties, after the execution of the mortgage, some household goods and placed them in the Padelford House. • In a court of law .a mortgage upon personal property not owned by the mortgagor at the date of the mortgage is void, unless, after the mortgagor subsequently acquires title thereto, some act be done indicating a purpose to bring it within the terms of the mortgage. This rule at law is based upon the fact that a mortgage is a conveyance of the title to the mortgagee, and title cannot [233] be conveyed where the mortgagor has none. Therefore it has been held consistent with these principles that a mortgage of goods which the mortgagor does not own at the túne the mortgage is executed, though he afterwards acquires them is void. This doctrine, however, is confined to suits at law and in equity, “where one agrees to execute a mortgage on certain property, and at the time he is called upon to perform his agreement he has the ability to do so,” he will either be compelled to execute it, or, in a suit to enforce the lien, equity will enforce the agreement as a mortgage. So that, while a court of equity will not make a contract or create a lien for the parties, it will enforce a mortgage lien upon property under a general description, such as is found in appellant’s mortgage when it can clearly be determined that the- parties at the date of the mortgage intended it should become subject to such lien when acquired by the mortgagor. Richardson v. Washington, 88 Tex. 345, 31 S. W. 614. We are of opinion that the evidence in the case at bar shows very clearly that at the time appellant’s mortgage was made both the appellant and the appellee anticipated the acquisition by appellee of household goods other than those particularly described in said mortgage and such as is mentioned in the affidavit, the basis of this action, which they intended should become subject to the lien of said mortgage, under the general property description contained therein. That such was in contemplation and intended by the parties to the mortgage may be unerringly inferred or deduced from the otherwise unusual and superfluous provision in the mortgage itself, to the effect that a lien was thereby given to appellant upon all the household furniture, dishes, silver, and chinaware, and everything in the house, known as the “Padelford House,” at the time of the execution of the mortgage, or that which was thereafter put in said house by Mrs. Allen, before the mortgage was paid off and satisfied, to be used as household furnishings. It follows, therefore, that the general description in the mortgage was sufficient to include any property of the kind referred to therein; that the jury would have been warranted in finding that said mortgage created and fixed a lien upon the property described in said affidavit, although said property was not specifically described in said mortgage; and that the court erred in charging the jury to the contrary. The following paragraph of the court’s charge is assigned as error: “Upon the issue of the defendant consulting Mason Cleveland, the county attorney of Johnson county, you are instructed that, if you believe from the evidence that before R. M. Speer made the affidavit against the plaintiff that was offered in evidence the said R. M. Speer submitted a full, fair-, and correct statement to said county attorney of all of the facts and circumstances connected with the sale of said mortgaged property, if any has been shown, and the said county attorney, upon, a consideration of all the facts, advised said R. M. Speer that they were sufficient to authorize said prosecution, and if you believe that the defendant sought the advice of said county attorney in regard to said prosecution before it was begun and after a full and correct statement of all of the facts connected therewith to said county attorney, and the said county attorney advised defendant to make said complaint that said plaintiff had been guilty of the offense charged, and that acting upon said advice, if any, the-defendant in good faith caused said prosecution against the plaintiff, honestly believing that the plaintiff had committed an offense against the penal laws of the state, then, in that event, you are instructed that the defendant would not be liable for damages-to plaintiff in this suit, and, if you ■ so believe, you will find for the defendant.” The-objection urged to this charge is, in substance, that it required the jury to believe- and find, before they would be warranted in returning a verdict in favor of the appellant, that appellant, before he made the affidavit against the appellee charging her with the offense of unlawfully and fraudulently disposing of property upon which she had given him a mortgage, made a full, fair, and' correct statement to the county attorney of Johnson county of all of the facts and circumstances connected with the sale of said mortgaged property, etc., whereas the law is-that if appellant, in good faith, made a full and fair statement of all the facts as known to him to said prosecuting officer and acted upon the advice of said officer in making said affidavit, such advice was a complete defense to appellee’s action. This objection is well taken. In the well-considered case of Sebastian v. Cheney, 86 Tex. 497, 25 S. W. 691, it is held that, where a person in good faith communicates to the county attorney all the facts known to him concerning the charge of which he makes complaint, he is not responsible in damages at the suit of the accused, if the county attorney made a mistake in determining as to whether or not there is probable cause for the prosecution. In discussing the question our Supreme Court, speaking through Mr. Justice Brown, says: “We have carefully examined the authorities upon this question, and find quite a conflict as to the effect that advice of private counsel shall have in defense of such actions. Some states hold with ours, and others hold that advice of any lawyer of good standing, whether state’s counsel or not, when honestly sought and a fair statement of the facts is made, shall be an absolute defense. We have found no ease where it is held that a citizen, who in good-faith makes a fair statement of the facts as known to him to the prosecuting officer, will be held responsible in damages for the prosecution inaugurated by such officer. The [234] contrary doctrine is well established by courts of eminent ability.” The evidence was of such a character as to demand the giving of a charge upon this phase of the case. This the trial court recognized, and to meet such demand gave the charge complained of, but committed error therein, as indicated, by requiring the jury, before they could find for appellant, to believe that appellant made a full and fair statement to the county attorney of all the facts and circumstances concerning the charge preferred against the appellee before the institution of the prosecution. We are also of the opinion that the court erred in admitting in evidence the written document signed by the appellee of date December 4, 1905, and made the basis of appellant’s fourth assignment of error. This instrument was not in our opinion legitimate or competent evidence to go to the jury to be considered in determining any issue in the case. It was, it seems, prepared and presented to the appellant after the appellee had, in fact, closed her boarding house, and a considerable amount of the property, upon which appellant held a mortgage, moved from the Padelford House, and after the property described in the affidavit upon which this suit is founded had been delivered or sold to Mrs. Hardin, and assumes as facts some things favorable to appellee’s cause and prejudicial to the appellant, the contrary of which we think the evidence establishes, was self-serving, and therefore inadmissible. The sixth assignment of error complains of the court’s action in permitting Mrs. Allen, the appellee,'to testify that Charlie Holland, who, it seems, was employed by appellant and sent out to find the missing goods, upon which the appellee had given him the mortgage, that “he [Holland] came and told me that Mr. Speer had sent him down there to get his goods that I had taken off, and, if I did not immediately put them back in the Padelford House, they were going to have me put in jail.” Appellant was not present when this statement was made, and we do not think the evidence sufficient to show that he authorized Holland to make such a statement. The testimony was, therefore, inadmissible, and should have been excluded. It is well settled that expressions of an agent, indicating malice, made in the absence of and without authority from the principal, are not admissible to show the motive of the principal. Railway v. Willie, 53 Tex. 318, 37 Am. Rep. 756; Little v. Rich, 118 S. W. 1077. The other assignments need not be discussed. Except in so far as the rulings of the trial court therein complained of may conflict with the views expressed in this opinion, said assignments disclose no reversible error. For the reasons indicated, however, the judgment of the court below is reversed, and the cause remanded for a new trial.