Winn v. Miller

DUNKLIN, J. The Olney Ice Company, doing business in the town of Olney, was incorporated for $20,000. S. W. Winn owned $5,000 and R. R. Miller owned $15,000 of the stock. On February 16, 1926, there was a stockholders’ meeting of the Olney Ice Company, at which meeting the following resolution was adopted: “Olney, Texas. “Olney Ice Company. “The stockholders of the Olney Ice Company of Olney, Texas, met in regular session in their office at Olney, Texas, on the third Tuesday, being the 16th day of February, A. D. 1926, all of the stock being represented in said meeting, Mr. R. R. Miller, 150 shares, S. W. Winn, 50 shares. “Upon motion duly made and seconded, it was unanimously agreed to sell the Olney Ice Plant at par. It was further agreed that Mr. R. R. Miller, president of said company, is to negotiate the sale of said ice plant or the stock of same, at par, and each stockholder is to receive the full proceeds of the sale of his stock from the purchaser. “The affairs and general conditions of the plant and the present outlook of the business was discussed fully, everything being in a very satisfactory condition. [Signed] R. R. Miller. President and General Manager. [Signed] S. W. Winn, Secretary.” Ou February 6, 1926, prior to the passage of that resolution, R. R. Miller and M. B. Morgan had executed the following contract: “State of Texas, County of Young: “This contract made and entered into this day by and between R. R. Miller of Olney, Texas, party of the first part, and M. B. Morgan, of El Dorado, Arkansas, party of the second party, witnesseth: “That whereas the Olney Ice Company is a corporation, chartered and organized and existing under the laws of Texas, with an authorized capital stock of twenty thousand ($20,000) dollars, three-fourths (¾) of which is owned by R. R. Miller and one-fourth (½) is owned or held by the Farmers’ State Bank of Burk-burnett, Texas, for the consideration hereinafter recited, the said R. R. Miller does hereby contract, agree and bind himself to sell, convey and deliver, and does, hereby sell, convey, and deliver to M. B. Morgan, party of the second part, the aforesaid stock in the ’aforesaid corporation, subject to the terms and conditions and for the consideration hereinafter recited; “That the total consideration for the said stock is to be paid by the purchaser, M. B. Morgan, to the seller, R. R. Miller, is ($20,000) twenty thousand dollars; ten thousand ($10,-000) dollars cash upon consummation of this contract, and the remaining ten thousand ($10,-000) dollars payable in six and twelve months from date, to be evidenced by two promissory notes in the sum of five thousand ($5,000) dollars each, each bearing 8 per cent, interest per annum from date and payable to R. R. Miller. “It is further agreed that to secure the payment of the $10,000 and interest, evidenced by said two notes, that the certificates of stock evidencing said three-fourths of the stock of said corporation shall be placed together with said two notes mentioned above in the First National Bank of Olney, Texas, as escrow agent for the parties hereto, and that said stock so escrowed with said notes shall vest in the said M. B. Morgan only when he shall have paid both of said notes and all interest and the expense of collecting same; it being further agreed that if the said Morgan shall not pay said first note when it falls due, that thereupon the said Miller shall have the right to declare both of said notes then due and matured and proceed to foreclose his lien against said stock to* enforce the payment of same. “It is further agreed that until both of said notes shall have been paid as herein provided that the said Morgan, as owner of said three-fourths of the stock in said corporation, does hereby bind himself, and said corporation, to employ and retain the said R. R. Miller as chief engineer of the business of said corporation, under the direction of its general superintendent, at Olney, Texas, at the monthly salary of $160 payable on the 15th and 30th of each month, and the house rent of said Miller, and by said house rent is meant that said .Miller is to have the use and occupancy of the house on the property of said corporation so long as he is in the employ of said corporation. This agreement of employment of the said Miller by said corporation is conditioned, and it is further provided that the said Miller is to render efficient, faithful, and satisfactory service as such engineer', and unless he so does that provision of this contract shall thereupon be terminated. “It is contemplated and understood by the parties hereto that while this contract is signed and said stock is escrowed in said bank this day, said M. B. Morgan shall this day pay into said bank two thousand ($2,000) dollars, and upon payment of said $2,000 this contract and said stock shall be escrowed in said bank together with the two notes of the said M. B. Morgan, subject to the approval of the title to said property of said corporation, that is, lots 9, 10, 11, block 35, Olney Townsite Addition, Olney, Texas, it being understood that the said Miller is to furnish complete abstract, duly certified down to date, and showing good and merchantable title to said property, free from all liens and incumbrances of every kind and free from state, county, municipal and school taxes, and shall also furnish satisfactory proof that all income taxes have been rendered and paid by said corporation. Conditioned that title is satisfactory and marketable as herein provided, then the said Morgan is to pay an additional eight thousand ($S,0O9) dollars, being the balance of the first ten thousand ($10,000) dollars called for; and conditioned further that if the title is not merchantable and satisfactory, and not made so within the time herein specified, [716] then this contract shall terminate, whereupon the $2,000 escrowed shall be returned' to said Morgan, together with his notes aforesaid, and the stock returned to said Miller. Said abstract to be furnished within three days from date hereof; said Morgan to have three days to examine same and point out in writing ady objections or defects, and the said Miller to have five days to cure and remove same. Said Miller to have ten days from this date to show payment of all taxes mentioned herein', this not to vary, however-, the time for furnishing abstract, etc. This contract shall in no wise prevent the parties hereto from extending by agreement the date for furnishing abstract, its examination, the curing of defects, and the furnishing of proof of payment of taxes. And should the said Miller fail and refuse to furnish the abstract and cure any defects within the time herein specified such shall not terminate this contract, if at the election of said Morgan, the said Morgan takes an additional ten days and himself does so. And unless the said M. B. Morgan pays the remaining $8,000 into the said bank on or by the 20th day of February, 1926, then this contract shall be at an end, said $2,000 thereupon being forfeited by the said Morgan as liquidated da'mages for failing to consummate this contract, in which event said stock shall be returned to said R. R. Miller and said $2,000 returned to the said M. B. Morgan; conditioned, however, that if said $8,000 is so paid within said time, then this contract shall become and be enforced thereafter as herein provided. “This agreement, and contract is conditioned, further, that until said two notes jhave been fully 'paid, said Morgan and said corporation shall in no wise dismantle, tear down, or destroy any of the property of said corporation, nor, shall any changes be made therein except same is of such nature as to enhance and improve said property in value. "• “Witness the signatures of the parties hereto bn this the 6th day of February, A..D, 1926. “R. R. Miller. “M. B. Morgan. “For a valuable consideration, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, I hereby transfer stock and assign this contract to Morgan Utilities Inc., it to assume payment hereon. This February 21, 1926. “M. B. Morgan.” ■ Winn’s stock was hypothecated with the Farmers’ State Bank of Burkburnett. The contract between Miller and Morgan and the notes called for therein, together with the $10,000 'mentioned as a cash consideration, were all placed in escrow in the First National Bank of Olney, Tex., to await the consummation of the sale. On March 9, 1926, the contract .of sale was consummated, and by direction of the Morgan Utilities Corporation the bank paid over to Miller the $10,000 mentioned in the contract. This suit was institutéd by S. W. Winn against R., R. Miller, the, Morgan Utilities Corporation, and the First. National Bank of Olney; to recover one-fourth of the consideration paid and to be paid by the Morgan Utilities Corporation under the contract of sale executed by Miller and Morgan, set out. above; and from a judgment denying him any- relief plaintiff has prosecuted this appeal. According to recitals in the judgment, after a jury was impaneled and the evidence was introduced, plaintiff and defendants each moved for an instructed verdict, both of which motions were overruled. After those motions were overruled, the parties all agreed that the issues of law and fact should all be determined by the trial judge, and the judgment rendered was in accordance with that agreement. The basis of each motion for an instructed verdict was the contention that the contract sued on was unambiguous; the plaintiff contending that, according to its terms the contract was for the sale of the entire capital stock of the corporation, and that he, being the owner of one-fourth of the stock, was entitled to recover one-fourth of the consideration, to be paid therefor; the contention of the defendants being that the contract, without any ambiguity, showed on its face that the sale was for only three-fourths of the capital stock, which was owned by Miller. Over objections of the plaintiff, the court admitted parol testimony to determine whether or not it was the understanding and agreement of the parties who executed the contract that the same covered the entire $20,000 capital stock or only the $15,000 owned by Millfer. That ruling of the court is made the basis of several assignments of error presented by appellant, presenting the contention (1) that the contract without any ambiguity plainly,showed an agreement to sell the entire capital stock, including that owned by Winn, as well as that owned by Miller; and (2) that parol evidence was inadmissible to explain the meaning of the parties for the further reason that the defendants had not pleaded that there was any ambiguity in the contract. We have reached the conclusion that the contract is not free of ambiguity, and that the court did not err in, admitting the parol testimony complained of. While the defendants did not in specific terms plead that the contract was ambiguous, they did allege in substance that it was understood and agreed between the parties thereto that it had reference only to the stock owned by Miller and not the entire stock of $20,000. Whether the contract was ambiguous on its face was a question of law to be determined by the court, and it was unnecessary for defendants to plead that conclusion of law in order to rely upon the facts specifically pleaded to show what the real understanding of the parties was. The record, shows that plaintiff Winn did not learn of the execution of the contract by Miller and Morgan until some time after its consummation and after Miller had received from the escrow bank the $10,000 paid [717] by tbe Morgan Utilities Corporation, and that after making that discovery he promptly asserted his claim for one-fourth of the consideration paid by the Morgan Utilities Corporation. The record further showed that the purchaser then informed Miller that it was the understanding of the parties to the contract that the entire capital stock of $20,000 was sold by Miller, while Bliller contended that only his three-fourths of the stock was in fact sold. Notwithstanding that contention of the purchaser, evidence was introduced showing that pending the controversy which followed the demand of Winn for one-fourth of the purchase price paid by the Morgan Utilities Corporation, that company offered to buy Winn’s stock and pay him therefor $2,500. While the trial judge did not file formal findings of fact and conclusions of law, yet the record does show that in announcing the conclusions reached by him' at the time he rendered judgment he had this to say: “Gentlemen, since the matter is left up to me, I come back to the proposition that there was an agreement made between Bir. Winn and Mr. Bliller, that both of them agreed at one time to sell this stock at par value. Then we come to the making of the contract between Mr. Bliller and Mr. Blorgan, and what their intention was at that time. If that contract had been absolutely unambiguous there would have been no necessity for this lawsuit, in my opinion. Blr. Bliller has testified about what his understanding was, and the testimony is that the Morgan Utilities, subsequent to all this contract, this escrow contract, offered $2,500 to Blr. Winn for his 50 shares. It is inconceivable to me that the Morgan Utilities Company claimed that they purchased all of that stock, that they would later come along and offer $2,500 for a one-fourth interest in it. It’s absolutely beyond my comprehension. That being true, I find for the defendant, Bliller.” It thus appears that the sole basis of the judgment was the conclusion reached that it was the mutual understanding of the parties to the contract that only Miller’s $15,000 of stock was sold. However, in plaintiff’s petition the issue of fraud on the part, of Miller in making the sale was tendered, and, as noted already, that issue was not determined by the trial court. According to plaintiff’s pleadings it was Miller who proposed to Winn that they sell the entire capital stock of the corporation at par, and requested authority so to do, and that the resolution passed at the stockholders’ meeting was passed for the purpose of vesting in Bliller the authority to sell Winn’s stock as well as his own. According to further pleading, Miller concealed from Winn the fact, that he had entered into the contract with Morgan and the further fact of its consummation, as above noted. As appears from recitals in the contract, Miller fully protected his own stock from loss by reason of any decision on the part of the purchaser to dismantle the plant, but impliedly consented tó such a course so far as Winn’s stock was concerned. In this connection, it is to be noted further that the Morgan Utilities Corporation already owned another ice plant in the town of Olney which was a competitor in trade with the Olney Ice Company, and the recitals in the contract indicated a fear, on the part of Miller that as soon as the purchaser became the owner of the majority of the stock in the Olney Ice Company, it would likely dismantle that plant to save expenses-in the manufacture and sale of ice. And it is a matter of common knowledge that such is the usual course of business under those circumstances. Bliller, as president of the corporation, owed the duty to Winn, the minority stockholder, to act fairly with him; and the passage of the stockholders’ resolution, which empowered Bliller to sell Winn’s stock as well as his own, certainly had the effect to créate the relation of trust, in the matter of sale of the stock as between Winn and Bliller. Even though it should be said that, in support of the judgment we should imply a finding by the trial judge adverse to the plea of fraud tendered by the plaintiff, yet the fraud alleged and relied upon by the plaintiff was established by such an overwhelming preponderance of the evidence, if not conclusively established, that we feel impelled to reverse that finding and remand the cause, irrespective of the further finding by the court that it was the understanding of the parties to the contract of sale that only Miller’s stock was sold and upon which finding the judgment was based. If Miller perpetrated upon Winn the fraud alleged, the latter would be entitled to recover one-fourth of the proceeds of the sale, regardless of whether the parties to the contract understood it to cover the entire capital stock in the corporation or only three-fourths thereof. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is reversed and the cause is remanded for another trial as between all parties.