St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway Co. v. Gunter

FISHER, Chief Justice. This is a suit by appellee against the railway company to recover damages in the amount of $1,990, alleged to have been caused to a shipment of cattle delivered to appellant at Texarkana on the 10th day of December, 1902, for transportation to the City of St. Louis, and to the stockyards at East St. Louis. The petition, in effect, alleges that the defendant negligently failed to transport the cattle with reasonable dispatch, and, as a result, they failed to arrive at their destination in time for sale on the market - in East St. Louis of Friday, December 12, 1902; that, had the cattle been transported in reasonable time, they would have arrived at East St. Louis on the morning of that day, and, by reason of the negligence in failing to transport within a reasonable time, they did not arrive at East St. Louis until about the hour of 10 o’clock p. m. of December 12, and after the market had closed; that the market on Saturday, the dáy following, had materially declined, and that the steers could not be sold on that day, but the cows embraced in the shipment were sold in East St. Louis on Saturday, and the steers were shipped by the appellee to Chicago, where they were sold on Monday. The appellee’s claim for damages is, in effect, based upon the difference between what the cows sold for in East St. Louis and what they would have sold for if they had arrived there on the morning of the 12th, and for the'difference between what the steers sold for in Chicago on the following Monday, and what they would have sold for in the market at East St. Louis if they had arrived there in time for the market of the 12th, and for extra expense for feeding, and extra freight bills to Chicago, occasioned by the delay in transportation to East St. Louis. Verdict and judgment were in appellee’s favor for $800. The first assignment of error complains of the action of the court in admitting in evidence, over appellant’s objection, quotations from the National Livestock Reporter, showing certain sales of Texas and Indian Territory cattle at the National Stockyards on the 12th day of December, 1902, without any other or further evidence being offered to show that the cuttle to which the quotations referred were the same class and *135 character of cattle as the cattle of appellee. There is evidence in the record to the effect that appellee’s stock was Texas cattle of a superior class and grade, and the evidence upon this subject was of such a character that would authorize the jury to conclude that appellee’s cattle were worth as much or more in the market in Bast St. Louis on the 12th than the cattle described in the National Livestock Beporter. On another trial, a part of the objection urged to the admission of the evidence of the witness Sprecher, as complained of in the second assignment of error, will not again arise. The extra expense to the shipper, by reason of the delay caused by the railway company, could be recovered upon proof that the amount testified to was reasonable, and such expense was proper to be incurred. The evidence of the witness Betón, as complained of in the third assignment of error, was admissible. It was some evidence bearing upon the question as to the freight charges between Bast St. Louis and Chicago. The fifth assignment of error complains of the action of the court in admitting the evidence of the witness Maher, who testified as to the market value of cattle in Bast St. Louis on December 12. Maher obtained his information as to the value of the cattle from reading the Livestock Beporter, and from information received from salesmen of commission houses, who claimed to have been familiar with the market on December 12. The objection of the appellant is as to the whole of this testimony. That portion of the evidence of the witness that is based upon the information obtained from the Livestock Beporter, we think, was admissible, but the information that he obtained from persons who claimed to be familiar with the market was hearsay; and upon another trial, in view of this ruling, the court will doubtless not again admit such evidence (Railway Co. v. Maddox, 75 Texas, 300); but information he obtained from reading the public journal known as the Livestock Beporter, which claimed to give the market prices prevailing upon certain dates was admissible. This question has been so often before this court that it is unnecessary to cite authority upon it. We do not make the objection to the evidence as to information obtained from persons who claim to have been familiar with the market price grounds for reversal, because the bill of exception shows that appellant’s objection was to all of the evidence relating to the market value. A part being admissible, and the objection being to the whole, the bill of exceptions.did not properly present the question in such a way as to require us to hold that the admission of the evidence was reversible error. The evidence of the witness Maher, as complained of in the sixth assignment of error, was admissible. The time of the run made upon previous occasions, with which the witness Maher was familiar, was admissible, bearing upon the question as to what would constitute a reasonable time to transport the cattle from Texarkana to St. Louis. The tenth assignment of error complains of the following charge of the trial court: “As to the cattle sold in Chicago, the measure of damages should be the difference between the price they were sold for in Chicago, less the expense of getting them from East St. Louis to Chicago, and what their market price would have been in Bast St. Louis on *136 Friday, December 13, 1903.” As the case will be reversed on other grounds, we do not make the objection to this charge reversible error; but, in view of another trial, we suggest that a charge upon this subject be given in accordance with the views expressed in this opinion. The evidence of the witness who testified as to what the cattle sold for in Chicago tends to establish the fact that they were sold for their market value. This being true, the jury were possibly not misled by that portion of the charge quoted, which requires them to find the difference between the price they were sold for and their market value in East St. Louis. If, in view of the fact, the appellee was justified in carrying his cattle from East St. Louis to the Chicago market for sale, and there selling them, the measure of damages would be the difference between the market price of these cattle in Chicago on the day they were sold and what their market price would have been in East St. Louis on Friday, December 13, 1903. The fourth assignment of error complains of the action of the trial court in permitting the witness Ecton, over appellant’s objection, to testify as to the difference that would have existed in the weight of appellee’s cattle had they been shipped direct from Sherman, Texas, to Chicago, Illinois, and the weight of the cattle that resulted by being unreasonably delayed in transit one or two or three days. The witness testified that if the cattle had been transported with reasonable dispatch direct from Sherman to Chicago, and had not been delayed one or two days in transit, they would, in his opinion, have weighed thirty-five pounds more per head than they did weigh when they were sold in Chicago on December 15. We are of the opinion that this testimony was not admissible.' It involved a condition and a theory that was foreign to the case. The contract of shipment' showed that the cattle were shipped from Sherman, destined to East St. Louis, and the liability of each road was limited to its own line. The contract in nowise contemplated a shipment to Chicago, and there is an entire lack of evidence indicating any intention of a direct shipment from Sherman to Chicago. The evidence does show a delay on the appellant’s road between Texarkana and the city of St. Louis, Ho.; but, for the delays that occurred from this latter place to the city of Chicago, the appellant could in nowise be held responsible, except, possibly, for the-loss in weight, if any, that might have resulted from the detention of the cattle at East St. Louis. The evidence tends to show a delay in transporting the cattle from the end of appellant’s line at the city of St. Louis to East St. Louis; and on account of the condition of the market at East St. Louis the cattle were held there from Friday night to sometime during the day of the following Sunday, and were then caused to be shipped to Chicago by the appellee, with a view of obtaining a better market at this latter place. The evidence also, tends to show an unreasonable delay in the transportation between East St. Louis and the city of Chicago. Evidence of loss in weight predicated upon the theory that the appellant would be responsible for a failure of direct shipment through to Chicago is not permissible in view of the facts. As said before, there was no contract of shipment to Chicago, and, those delays that occurred after the cattle left the appellant’s road, which were occasioned by the negligence of some other road, could *137 not be charged to the appellant; and if there was negligence in this respect, those roads should be held responsible. Whatever loss in weight might have occurred by reason of detaining the cattle in East St. Louis, if it was attributable to the negligence of the appellant in its failure to transport the cattle in a reasonable time, so that they could reach the market by December 12, might be chargeable to the appellant. We are inclined to the opinion that the evidence of the witnesses Guidici and Elkins, which the seventh and eighth assignments of error complain that the court refused to admit, was admissible. The ninth assignment of error complains that the court, in its charge, instructed the jury that it was the duty of the appellant with reasonable dispatch to transport the cattle from Texarkana to East St. Louis, Illinois. As said before, the contract of shipment limited the liability of each road to its own line; and the evidence, without contradiction, shows that the appellant’s road terminated at the city of St. Louis, Mo. Therefore, we think this charge is erroneous, and should not again be repeated. The appellee, in reply to this assignment, contends that this charge was harmless, because the appellant had occasioned such an unreasonable delay on its own line as prevented the cattle, in any event, from reaching East St. Louis for the market for which they were intended; that is, December 12. It is true that they did arrive at St. Louis and East St. Louis too late for the market of that day, but there is some evidence in the record tending to show an unreasonable delay between St. Louis and East St. Louis, for which the terminal lines between those two points might be held responsible, and with which roads the appellant is in nowise connected, except merely as a connecting carrier. While the delay between these two points was not the cause of the appellant’s losing the benefit of the market of the 12th, still the jury may have considered it for some purpose, as tending to show that the cattle, being confined and kept in the cars after their arrival at St. Louis, might have had some effect in decreasing their weight and affecting their value. Therefore, we can not say that the jury were not influenced by the charge upon this subject. The eleventh assignment of error complains of the action of the trial court in giving the charge set out under the tenth assignment of error, which is quoted in this opinion, for the reason that, as the cattle of appellee were transported from East St. Louis to Chicago by another line of railway, and there being evidence tending to show an unreasonable delay on that road, that the appellant could not be charged with the damages resulting from such delay. The thirteenth assignment of error complains of the action of the trial court in giving the following charge: “If you find that defendant did exercise ordinary care in the shipment of the cattle from Texarkana to East St. Louis to avoid unreasonable delay; or if you find that plaintiff sold his cattle for as much as he would have sold them if there had been no delay, if you find there was a delay, you will find for the defendant, except as to the extra expense incurred by plaintiff in shipping the twelve carload of steers from East St. Louis to Chicago.” The objection urged in the assignment to this charge is that it permits the jury to find the extra expense incurred by plaintiff in shipping the *138 cattle from Bast St. Louis to Chicago, although the appellant exercised ordinary care to avoid an unreasonable delay in the transportation from • Texarkana to Bast St. Louis. These two assignments of error will be considered together. First noticing the last assignment,' we are clearly of the opinion that the charge is incorrect. Of course, the appellant can only be held liable upon the theory that there was an unreasonable delay in the transportation of the cattle from Texarkana to the end of its line; and if there was no unreasonable delay, under no circumstances could it be held responsible for any act of the plaintiff in shipping the cattle from East St. Louis to Chicago, and for any expense incurred by plaintiff in such shipment. The charge, as quoted, inferentially instructs the jury that, although there may have been no unreasonable delay upon the part of the appellant, it might be held responsible for the expense incurred in the shipment to Chicago. This is clearly the inference to be drawn from the latter part of the charge; consequently, it was erroneous to give it. Now, in disposing of the eleventh assignment, we will indulge in some general remarks that might be pertinent as a guide to the court upon another trial. As we have said before, whatever unreasonable delay might have occurred on the railway transporting the cattle from East St. Louis to Chicago, the appellant could not be held responsible, but the cause of action would be against the road that was guilty of the delay. But the question arises in this case, and will doubtless arise upon another trial, as to how far, and to what extent, the appellant might be held responsible for the conduct of the plaintiff in shipping the cattle from Bast St. Louis to Chicago, and what damages might be charged against the appellant, growing out of that fact. If the delay of the appellant on its own line caused the plaintiff to lose the benefit of the market on the 13th at Bast St. Louis, and there would be no market for the steers at Bast St. Louis until the following Monday, and that that market would be overstocked, and the circumstances were such that the plaintiff, as a man of ordinary prudence, had the right to believe that, in order to prevent additional loss, he could get more in the Chicago market for his cattle than he could at Bast St. Louis on Monday, or could get as much in Chicago on Monday with the additional expense, added, as he could have got in Bast St. Louis if the cattle had arrived there for the market of the 13th, then he would be justified in taking chances on the Chicago market and shipping his cattle-there for sale on Monday. (Fort Worth & D. C. Ry. v. Daggett, 87 Texas, 323.) And if, in view of the facts, he was justified in adopting this course, the appellant would be in no position to complain, because the reasonable efforts of the plaintiff, acting under the circumstances as a man of ordinary prudence would be expected to act in order to prevent loss, would result in lessening the damages for which the appellant might be held responsible. If the unreasonable delay of the appellant forced the plaintiff into this situation, and to a resort to these means to protect himself against loss, the appellant should be held responsible for the extra expense incurred by plaintiff in transporting his cattle from East St. Louis to Chicago, except as to such extra expense as might have been occasioned by the negligence of the other railway lines, engaged in such transportation; and such expense would include additional charges that *139 the plaintiff was required to pay, and such additional charges for feeding the cattle, unless the necessity for feeding' was occasioned by the unreasonable delay of the other roads. If it be found that the appellant unreasonably delayed the transportation of plaintiff’s cattle, so as to cause him to lose the benefit of the market at East St. Louis on the 12th, and the plaintiff thereafter incurred additional expense at East St. Louis in holding the cattle over at that place up to the time that they were started in their shipment to Chicago,' these amounts would also be chargeable to the appellant, on the ground that, if the cattle had been promptly delivered on the morning of the 12th, they could have been sold in the market at East St. Louis on that day, and, of course, the plaintiff thereafter would have been relieved of any additional charges for feeding, etc. The two remaining assignments complain of the insufficiency of the evidence to support the verdict and judgment. These assignments are overruled. Judgment reversed and cause remanded. Reversed and remanded.