Cornwell v. S. S. Kresge Co.

Hatcher, President : This is an action of trespass on tbe case for a personal injury. At tbe close of plaintiff’s evidence, tbe trial court directed a verdict for defendant, - and plaintiff secured a writ of error. Plaintiff’s ease depends on tbe following evidence: Sbe visited a store of defendant on a rainy day to make a purchase. When sbe entered tbe store, sbe noticed that tbe floor at and near the entrance was wet (from rain carried in by shoppers) and oily, and realized that it was slippery. As sbe was leaving tbe store, sbe slipped and fell on tbe floor near tbe enrance, fracturing her wrist. . Sbe admitted that when she was leaving sbe did not “notice” tbe condition of tbe floor, and that her mind was then on getting back to her work. Another customer of defendant on that day, Mrs. Klieves, testified sbe bad slipped at tbe same entrance (without falling), and had remarked in a loud voice, “For goodness sake! It is a wonder you wouldn’t keep this place dry so people wouldn’t break their necks.” Mrs. Klieves stated that her remark was addressed to a man at tbe door (although be did not look at her), whom sbe bad seen in tbe store every time sbe went there, and who exercised authority over tbe clerks. This occurence was obviously prior to plaintiff’s mishap as immdiately afterwards cork was strewn in tbe entrance, which prevented further slipping. Plaintiff relies on such cases as MacDonald v. F. &. W. Grand, Inc., 89 Pa. Super. 526; Evans v. Orttenburger, 242 Mich. 57; Robinson v. Woolworth Co., 80 Mont. 431; and Kennedy v. Phillips, 319 Mo. 573. In none of those cases, however, did it appear as it does here, that tbe plaintiff bad previous knowledge of tbe condition which caused tbe accident. Tbe trial court in directing tbe verdict gave tbe following reason: “* * * because tbe plaintiff herself testified that *239 she saw this condition (of the floor) when she went into the store and remained in and walked about with full knowledge that the floor was in a dangerous condition.” Courts generally have refused recovery under similar circumstances. “An invitee who uses a damp floor with knowledge of its condition assumes any risk incident thereto.” Bridgford v. Dry Goods Co., 191 Ky. 557. Accord: Bodine v. The Goerke Co., 102 N. J. L. 642; S. S. Kresge Co. v. Fader, 116 Ohio St. 718; Woolworth Co. v. Graham, (Tex.) 257 S. W. 574; Viles v. Thunborg, 164 Wash. 190, 2 Pac. (2d) 666; Mullen v. Mercantile Co., (Mo.) 260 S. W. 982, 33 A. L. R. 176; 45 C. J., subject, Negligence, see. 244, and authorities cited. So general is this rule that the supreme court of Missouri announced in 1922 that it was unable to find a single case from any jurisdiction to the contrary. See Main v. Lehman, 294 Mo. 579, at 592. Plaintiff’s distraction when leaving the store is not charged to any surrounding circumstances as in Bloomer v. Snellenburg, 221 Pa. 25. Mental abstraction (alone) does not palliate inattention to a known danger. Sanderson v. Ry., 167 Iowa 90, 102-3; Reynolds v. Gas & Electric Co., 162 Cal. 327; Britch v. Sheldon, 94 Vt. 235; Ry. Co. v. Robinson, 37 Tex. Civ. App. 465; Mayor v. Cain, 128 Tenn. 250; Rice v. Goodspeed Co., 254 Mich. 49, 235 N. W. 814; Beach on Contributory Negligence (3rd Ed.), sec. 37; 45 C. J., supra, sec. 509; 20 R. C. L., subject, Negligence, see. 96. The judgment of the circuit court is accordingly affirmed. Affirmed.