Rienzi and Son, Inc. v. United States

MEMORANDUM ORDER Barnett, Judge: Before the Court are Plaintiffs Motion for Leave to File an Amended Complaint *1351 (“Motion to Amend”), pursuant to U.S. Court of International Trade (“USCIT”) Rule 15(a)(2), and Plaintiffs Motion for Leave tó File a Reply to Defendant’s Opposition to Plaintiffs Motion for Leave to File an Amended Complaint (“Motion for Reply”). See Pl.’s Mot. for Leave to File an Am. Compl. (“PL’s Mot. Am. Compl.”), ECF No. 54; PL’s Mot. for Leave to File a Reply to Def.’s Opp’n to PL’s Mot. for Leave to File an Am. Compl. (“PL’s Mot. Reply”), ECF No. 58. For the reasons discussed below, the Court denies Plaintiffs Motion to Amend and denies Plaintiffs Motion for Reply. ■ BACKGROUND This case arises from entries that occurred in 2005 and were liquidated later that year and in early 2006. See Summons, ECF No. 1. Following a denied protest, Plaintiff Rienzi and Son, Inc. (“Plaintiff’ or “Rienzi”) filed a summons on February 16, 2007, and the case was placed on the Court’s Reserve Calendar pursuant to US-CIT Rule 83. See Summons; Order Granting Extension of Time to Remain on the Reserve Calendar, ECF No. 7. More than seven years and 12 extensions later, on July 1, 2014, Rienzi filed its Complaint against Defendant United States (“Defendant” or “United States”). See Compl., ECF No. 31. With the filing of the complaint, the case was removed from the Reserve Calendar and, following the filing of an answer, the case was assigned to these chambers. On November 18, 2014, the Court entered a Scheduling Order, which required parties to submit any motions regarding the pleadings or other preliminary matters by December 17, 2014. Scheduling Order ¶ 1, ECF No. 36. Pursuant to an amended scheduling order, parties were required to complete fact discovery by June 10, 2016. See Am. Scheduling Order ¶ 1, ECF No. 50-1. On June 29, 2016, some 18 months after the deadline for motions regarding the pleadings elapsed and almost three weeks after the close of discovery, Rienzi filed this Motion to Amend. 1 See generally PL’s Mot. Am. Compl. Defendant filed its opposition to this motion on July 15, 2016. See Def.’s Opp’n to PL’s Mot. for Leave to File an Am. Compl. (“Def.’s Opp’n”), ECF No. 57. STANDARD OF REVIEW Motions to amend a pleading are governed by USCIT Rule 15(a), which provides that a party may amend as a matter of course or with the opposing party’s written consent, or in all other cases, with the court’s leave. See USCIT R. 15(a)(1)-(2). The court “should freely give leave when justice so requires.” See USCIT R. 15(a)(2). However, once a scheduling order is established, a motion to amend a pleading is subject to any deadline established in that scheduling order. See USCIT R. 16(b)(3)(A). USCIT Rule 16(b)(4), in conjunction with USCIT Rule 6(b)(1), permits a schedule to be modified for good causé with the court’s consent. If a motion to amend a scheduling orderis filed seeking to extend a deadline that has already passed, it is properly treated as a motion for an extension of time, out of time, and USCIT Rule 6(b)(1)(B) also applies. See Horizon Prods., 38 CIT -, -, 34 F.Supp;3d 1365,1367 (2014). Such a motion *1352 must show “excusable neglect or circumstances beyond the control of the party.” USCIT R. 6(b)(1)(B). The court assesses excusable neglect by considering: “(1) the danger of prejudice to the opposing party, (2) the length of the delay and its potential impact on judicial proceedings, (3) the reason for the delay, including whether it was within the reasonable control of the movant, and (4) whether the movant acted in good faith.” Horizon Prods.,- 38 CIT at-, 34 F.Supp.3d at 1367 (citing Pioneer Inv. Servs. v. Brunswick Assocs., 507 U.S. 380, 392, 395, 113 S.Ct. 1489, 123 L.Ed.2d 74 (1993)). Furthermore, the court may take into account “all relevant circumstances surrounding the party’s omission.” Home Prods. Int'l Inc. v. United States, 31 C.I.T. 1706, 1709, 521 F.Supp.2d 1382, 1385 (2007) (citing Pioneer, 507 U.S. at 395, 113 S.Ct. 1489). “Moreover, even [when] ‘excusable neglect’ is demonstrated, the judge retains discretion to deny relief.” Rockwell Automation, 38 CIT at ——, 7 F.Supp.3d at 1283. DISCUSSION Plaintiffs Motion,to Amend fails to meet even the basic standard required to amend a complaint according to USCIT Rule 15(a)(2). Pursuant to USCIT Rule 15(a)(2), “a party may amend its pleading only with the opposing party’s written consent or the court’s leave.” In this case, Defendant did- not consent and actively opposes Plaintiffs motion; consequently, the court may deny the motion for leave to amend the complaint “if the court finds that there has been undue delay that would prejudice the nonmoving party, that the moving party has acted in bad faith,' or that the amendment would be futile.” Kemin Foods, L.C. v. Pigmentos Vegetales del Centro S.A de C.V., 464 F.3d 1339, 1353 (Fed.Cir.2006) (citing Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182, 83 S.Ct. 227, 9 L.Ed.2d 222 (1962)). In this case, the Court finds that there was undue delay that would prejudice the Defendant if the motion were granted. Plaintiff has failed to demonstrate a lack of undue delay pursuant to USCIT Rule 15(a)(2) or the presence of good cause required by USCIT Rule 16(b)(4). Plaintiff provides no explanation as to why the complaint was not amended earlier; in particular, prior to the scheduling order deadline or even the deadline to complete discovery. PL’s Mot. Am. Compl. at 7-10; see also Pl.’s Mot. Am. Compl. Ex. 2. (“Affirmation of Michael Rienzi”), ECF No. 54-2. Instead, Plaintiff relies on arguments that its motion should be granted “in the interest of justice,” specifically citing “the public interest” in “having the Court determine the correct tariff of the subject merchandise” and asserting that “[t]here is no potential prejudice to defendant in this action because ... Plaintiff is not seeking additional discovery in this action.” PL’s Mot. Am. Compl. at 7. In contrast, Defendant has demonstrated that granting Plaintiffs Motion to Amend would “necessitate the reopening of discovery which would cause additional prejudice to the Government by requiring [Defendant] to engage in duplicative discovery.” Defi’s Opp’n at 8. In the absence of a reasonable explanation for the delay, or a showing of diligence on the part of Plaintiff, and with the reasonable showing of prejudice that would be imposed on Defendant if the Motion to Amend were granted, the Court denies Plaintiffs Motion to Amend. While the Court finds that Plaintiffs Motion to Amend fails to meet the standards found in USCIT Rule 15(a)(2), the Court also considered it pursuant to US-CIT Rule 16(b)(4) as a motion to amend *1353 the scheduling order because Defendant recognized that the motion was filed after the scheduling order, deadlines. Pursuant to USCIT Rule 16(b)(4), “[a] schedule may be modified only for good cause and with the judge’s consent.” Therefore, “Rule 16(b) requires a party to show good cause before being granted leave to amend.” Kemin Foods, 464 F.3d at 1353; see also Horizon Prods., 38 CIT at -, 34 F.Supp.3d at 1367. In determining whether a party has shown “good cause,” “the threshold inquiry is whether the movant has been diligent.” Advanced Software Design Corp. v. Fiserv, Inc., 641 F.3d 1368, 1381 (Fed. Cir.2011) (internal citations omitted). Thus, the movant must show it was unable to meet “the deadlines in the scheduling order despite its diligent efforts.” Paice, LLC v. Hyundai Motor Co., Civil No. WDQ-12-0499, 2014 WL 3385300, at *1 (D.Md.2014) (internal citation' omitted). Moreover, a party cannot establish good cause if “the proposed amendment rests on information that the party knew, or should have known” before the deadline. Perfect Pearl Co., Inc. v. Majestic Pearl & Stone, Inc., 889 F.Supp.2d 453, 457 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) (internal citation omitted). Again, Plaintiff has failed to meet the requisite standard of good cause. The amendments Plaintiff seeks to make all relate to its description of the imported merchandise at issue, the details of which have been available to Plaintiff since the entries occurred more than a decade ago. 2 Consequently, the Court must conclude that the amendments rest -on information the Plaintiff knew or should have known well before the deadline and good cause for amending the scheduling order does not exist. The Court further notes that Plaintiff filed its motion on June 29, 2016, moré than 18 months after the deadline for' “any motions regarding the pleadings” established by the scheduling order in this case. Scheduling Order ¶ 1. Because Plaintiffs Motion to Amend was filed out of time, Plaintiff was also required to demonstrate “excusable neglect or circumstances beyond the control of the party,” pursuant to USCIT Rule 6(b)(1)(B). See also Rockwell Automation, 38 CIT at-, 7 F.Supp.3d at 1284. Plaintiff not only failed to address the standard in USCIT Rule 6(b)(1)(B), but also failed to even recognize the applicability of this rule in its motion. Instead, Plaintiff simply asserts that the “court should grant [the] requested amendment because ‘justice so requires.’.” Pl.’s Mot. Am. Compl. at 2 (quoting USCIT Rule 15(a)(2)). Plaintiff has not provided any facts that would suggest excusable neglect or circumstances beyond its control for missing the deadline. Because Plaintiffs Motion to Amend is more than 18 months after the deadline set for motions addressed to the pleadings and Plaintiff has failed to demonstrate excusable neglect or circumstances beyond its control to justify its untimely filing, Plaintiffs Motion to Amend must be denied. 3 *1354 Regarding Plaintiffs Motion for Reply, the motion is denied. See generally PL’s Mot. Reply. Given the long delay and other short-comings with Plaintiffs Motion to Amend, the Court exercises its discretion to deny Plaintiffs Motion for Reply in the interest of a “just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and proceeding.” USCIT R. 1. CONCLUSION For the reasons stated above, Plaintiffs Motion to Amend is denied and Plaintiffs Motion for Reply is denied. Footnotes [1] In contrast, USCIT Rule 16(b)(4) governs modifications to a scheduling order once time periods are established but before the established periods have expired. See United States v. Horizon Prods. Int’l, Inc., 38 CIT-,-, 34 F.Supp.3d 1365, 1367 (2014); see also Rockwell Automation, Inc. v. United States, 38 CIT -, -, 7 F.Supp.3d 1278, 1283-84 (2014) (distinguishing untimely motions for extensions of time under USCIT Rule 6(b)(1)(B) from timely filed motions under USCIT Rule 6(b)(1)(A)). [2] Plaintiff’s Motion to Amend proposés making the following changes to the complaint: (1) altering the previously stated size of the imported merchandise from "520 gram (1 lb. 2 oz.) glass jars” to "580 milliliter (‘ml’) glass jars;” (2) adding "5 kilogram ('kg’) containers” as an additional container size in which the merchandise was packaged; (3) clarifying that "the 580 ml glass jar identified the imported merchandise as ‘RienzitM Sun Dried Tomatoes in Sun Flower Oil’;” and (4) revising the stated ingredients of the 580 ml glass jar. Compare Compl. ¶¶ 6-8 with Pl.’s Mot. Am. Compl. Ex. 1 (“Amended Complaint”) ¶¶ 6-8, ECF No. 54-1. [3] While the Court is denying Plaintiff’s Motion to Amend for the reasons stated herein, neither party has put before the Court, and this opinion should not be regarded as an *1354 swering, any question as to the size(s) of sun dried tomato containers in the entries at issue that are covered by this litigation.