Kim v. Comm'r

JOHN CHONG-MAN KIM AND SEUNG HEE KIM, Petitioners v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent Kim v. Comm'r Docket No. 8409-08 United States Tax Court T.C. Memo 2013-5; 2013 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 4; 105 T.C.M. (CCH) 1017; January 9, 2013, Filed *4 Decision will be entered under Rule 155. John E. Ellsworth, for petitioners. H. Barton Thomas, Jr., for respondent. FOLEY, Judge. FOLEY MEMORANDUM OPINION FOLEY, Judge: After concessions, the issues for decision, relating to petitioners' 2004 and 2005 Federal income tax returns, are whether petitioners *6 underreported passthrough income attributable to Herberts Drug & Surgical Sales Corp. and are liable for section 6662(a) accuracy-related penalties. 1 Background In 1996 John Chong-Man Kim incorporated, as an S corporation, Herberts Drug & Surgical Sales Corp. (Herberts). Mr. Kim has at all relevant times been the sole shareholder, sole officer, and president of Herberts. Herberts maintained only informal records of its gross receipts (i.e., bank statements) and purchases 2 (i.e., a cash disbursements journal and check stubs) and accepted customer payments in the form of cash, credit cards, and personal checks. Mr. Kim deposited these payments into a designated bank account and routinely discarded *5 cash register records and bank deposit slips. Petitioners' joint Forms 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, and Herberts' Forms 1120S, U.S. Income Tax Return for an S Corporation, relating to 2004 and 2005 (years in issue), were filed by Mr. Kim and prepared by Gerald Fox, their accountant. On its 2004 Form 1120S, Herberts reported $4,126,259 of *7 gross receipts, $3,765,590 of purchases, $99,096 of income, and $3,247 of vehicle expenses. On their 2004 Form 1040, petitioners reported $99,096 of passthrough income attributable to Herberts. Herberts, on its 2005 Form 1120S, reported $5,124,080 of gross receipts, $4,719,207 of purchases, and $133,557 of income. On their 2005 Form 1040, petitioners reported $133,557 of passthrough income attributable to Herberts. In 2007 respondent conducted an audit of the 2004 and 2005 returns. During the audit, respondent's revenue agent performed a bank deposits analysis to reconstruct Herberts' income and compared Herberts' cash disbursements journal with the purchases reported on Herberts' Forms 1120S. On February 29, 2008, respondent *6 sent a statutory notice of deficiency to petitioners. Respondent determined that, on its 2004 and 2005 Forms 1120S, Herberts underreported gross receipts and overstated purchases; and Herberts was not entitled to the vehicle expenses deduction claimed on its 2004 Form 1120S. Respondent further determined that, for 2004 and 2005, respectively, petitioners had $1,248,992 and $1,277,896 of income attributable to their interest in Herberts and were liable for *8 section 6662(a) accuracy-related penalties relating to both years. 3 On January 8, 2008, petitioners, while residing in New Jersey, filed their petition with the Court. The parties stipulated the amounts of Herberts' gross receipts and purchases and that in 2004 Herberts distributed $539,757 to Mr. Kim. The parties submitted this case fully stipulated pursuant to Rule 122. Discussion Respondent determined that Herberts underreported its income and petitioners, in turn, underreported passthrough income attributable to Herberts. Petitioners, however, assert that respondent determined that the *7 amounts of underreported passthrough income were constructive distributions and contend that they had sufficient basis to shelter any distributions. Simply put, respondent did not determine that the underreported passthrough income amounts were constructive distributions or that petitioners received taxable distributions. Petitioners' tax liabilities relating to distributions are not at issue. Indeed, respondent acknowledges that petitioners had sufficient basis to shelter the amount distributed in 2004. While basis is taken into account *9 for purposes of determining whether distributions are taxable, it is not taken into account with respect to the amount of Herberts' income that passes through to petitioners. Seesecs. 1366(a), 1367(a), 1368(a); Cameron v. Commissioner, 105 T.C. 380, 383-384 (1995) (stating that an S corporation's net income is "taxed currently to the shareholders and thereafter is generally distributed tax free"), aff'd sub nom. Broadaway v. Commissioner, 111 F.3d 593 (8th Cir. 1997). Mr. Kim, the sole shareholder, is required to take into account all of Herberts' income. Seesec. 1366(a). In addition, petitioners have not met the section 274(d) substantiation requirements *8 relating to Herberts' claimed 2004 deduction for vehicle expenses, and thus Herberts is not entitled to this deduction. Seesecs. 162, 274(d), 280F(d)(4), 1366(a); sec. 1.274-5T(a), Temporary Income Tax Regs., 50 Fed. Reg. 46014 (Nov. 6, 1985). Accordingly, we sustain respondent's deficiency determinations. Respondent determined, and we agree, that petitioners substantially understated their income tax and are liable for section 6662(a) penalties. Seesecs. 6662(a) and (b)(2), 7491(c); Higbee v. Commissioner, 116 T.C. 438, 446 (2001). Petitioners have not, pursuant to section 6664(c)(1), established reasonable cause for the underpayments or that the returns were prepared in good faith. While the 2004 and 2005 returns were prepared by an accountant, reliance on the advice of a *10 professional tax adviser "does not necessarily demonstrate reasonable cause and good faith." Seesec. 1.6664-4(b)(1), Income Tax Regs. Petitioners failed to establish or even assert 4 that Mr. Fox had sufficient expertise to justify reliance, that they provided him with necessary and accurate information, or that they relied in good faith on his judgment. Seesec. 6664(c)(1); Neonatology Assocs., P.A. v. Commissioner, 115 T.C. 43, 99 (2000), *9 aff'd, 299 F.3d 221 (3d Cir. 2002); sec. 1.6664-4(b)(1), Income Tax Regs. Contentions we have not addressed are irrelevant, moot, or meritless. To reflect the foregoing, Decision will be entered under Rule 155. Footnotes 1. Unless otherwise indicated, all section references are to the Internal Revenue Code in effect for the years in issue, and all Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure.↩ 2. Purchases are a component of cost of goods sold. See Wayne Bolt & Nut Co. v. Commissioner, 93 T.C. 500, 508↩ n.5 (1989). 3. Respondent also determined that petitioners had unreported wage income relating to 2004. Petitioners concede that they underreported wage income.↩ 4. The parties submitted this case fully stipulated, and petitioners failed to address in their petition or brief whether they had reasonable cause for the underpayment or acted in good faith.↩