Dennis Jason Lee v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Feb 12 2019, 8:48 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE R. Patrick Magrath Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Alcorn Sage Schwartz & Magrath, LLP Attorney General of Indiana Madison, Indiana Matthew F. Kite Laura Sorge Fattouch Angela Sanchez Lawrenceburg, Indiana Deputy Attorneys General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Dennis Jason Lee, February 12, 2019 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-CR-1792 v. Appeal from the Ripley Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Appellee-Plaintiff. Jeffrey Sharp, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 69D01-1709-F6-172

Kirsch, Judge. [1] Dennis Jason Lee (“Lee”) appeals from the trial court’s order revoking his

probation. He raises one issue for our review: whether the trial court abused its

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discretion when it ordered him to serve 650 days of his previously-suspended

sentence. [2] We affirm.

Facts and Procedural History [3] On September 13, 2017, the State charged Lee with Level 6 felony nonsupport

of a dependent child, alleging that Lee knowingly failed to provide support for

his child since July 1, 2014. Appellant’s App. Vol. 2 at 9. On the same day, a

probable cause affidavit was filed, stating that Lee had not made child support

payments and had an arrearage of $44,866.62 as of July 31, 2017. Id. at 13. On

November 28, 2017, Lee pleaded guilty to Level 6 felony nonsupport of a

dependent child and was sentenced to 910 days with 752 days suspended to

probation. Lee’s plea agreement stipulated that he would make weekly child

support payments of $62.00 in a timely manner during his entire probationary

period lasting 752 days. Id. at 13, 25-26. The plea agreement further stipulated

that failure to pay child support for two consecutive weeks or a total of three

missed weeks would result in a violation of probation. Id. at 26. [4] On February 14, 2018, the State filed a “Petition for Probation Violation

Hearing,” alleging that Lee had failed to make child support payments as

directed by the trial court. Id. at 27-28. The petition stated that Lee’s last child

support payment was on January 19, 2018 in the amount of $62.50, which left

Lee with an arrearage sum of $46,416.50. Id. at 28. A warrant was issued for

Lee’s arrest. Id. at 29.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1792 | February 12, 2019 Page 2 of 7 [5] On July 9, 2018, the trial court held a hearing, during which Lee admitted

violating probation by failing to make child support payments. Tr. Vol. 2 at 14.

In determining the appropriate sanction for Lee’s probation violation, the trial

court observed that the crime for which Lee was on probation was nonsupport

of a dependent child as a Level 6 felony. Id. at 17. The trial court took into

consideration Lee’s criminal history, which included several prior convictions

for crimes such as residential entry, criminal trespass, dealing marijuana,

battery, possession of a narcotic, and resisting law enforcement. Id. The trial

court also stated that Lee had violated probation in his prior cases on numerous

occasions. Id. The trial court considered as a mitigating circumstance that Lee

had admitted the probation violation and had done so early in the proceedings.

Id. [6] As to the circumstances of his probation violation, the trial court found that the

amount of the arrearage was an aggravating factor. Id. The trial court noted

that Lee had never filed anything with the court requesting a reduction or

abatement in his child support and had never informed the trial court of any

change of employment issues or change of income. Id. The trial court further

found that Lee had consistently disregarded his child support obligations. Id. at

17-18. The trial court, therefore, revoked Lee’s probation, ordered him to serve

650 days of his previously-suspended sentence, and terminated his probation.

Id. at 18. The trial court credited Lee with 61 days for time served, which it

noted would amount to 122 days with good time credit. Id. Lee now appeals.

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Discussion and Decision [7] “‘Probation is a matter of grace left to trial court discretion, not a right to which

a criminal defendant is entitled.’” Cain v. State, 30 N.E.3d 728, 731 (Ind. Ct.

App. 2015) (quoting Prewitt v. State, 878 N.E.2d 184, 188 (Ind. 2007)), trans.

denied. “Courts in probation revocation hearings ‘may consider any relevant

evidence bearing some substantial indicia of reliability.’” Id. (quoting Cox v.

State, 706 N.E.2d 547, 551 (Ind. 1999)). “It is within the discretion of the trial

court to determine the conditions of a defendant’s probation and to revoke

probation if the conditions are violated.” Id. Our court has said that “all

probation requires ‘strict compliance’” because once the trial court extends this

grace and sets its terms and conditions, the probationer is expected to comply

with them strictly.” Id. at 731-32 (quoting Woods v. State, 892 N.E.2d 637, 641

(Ind. 2008)). “If the probationer fails to do so, then a violation has occurred.”

Id. If a violation is proven, the trial court must determine if the violation

warrants revocation of the probation. Sullivan v. State, 56 N.E.3d 1157, 1160

(Ind. Ct. App. 2016). “‘However, even a probationer who admits the

allegations against him must still be given an opportunity to offer mitigating

evidence suggesting that the violation does not warrant revocation.’” Id.

(quoting Ripps v. State, 968 N.E.2d 323, 326 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012)). [8] If the trial court determines a probationer has violated a term of probation, then

the court may impose one or more of the following sanctions: (1) continue the

person on probation, with or without modifying or enlarging the conditions; (2)

extend the person’s probationary period for not more than one year beyond the

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original probationary period; or (3) order execution of all or part of the sentence

that was suspended at the time of initial sentencing. Ind. Code § 35-38-2-3(h).

We review a trial court’s sentencing decisions for probation violations under an

abuse of discretion standard. Knecht v. State, 85 N.E.3d 829, 840 (Ind. Ct. App.

2017). An abuse of discretion occurs where the decision is clearly against the

logic and effect of the facts and circumstances. Id. [9] Lee argues that the trial court abused its discretion when it ordered him to serve

650 days of his previously-suspended sentence. Specifically, he asserts that the

trial court’s stated aggravating factors of his criminal history and failure to file a

request to abate his child support obligation did not arise since he was placed

on probation and that the only changed circumstance shown was that he was

involuntarily unemployed due to his place of employment being destroyed. Lee

further contends that, based on his timely admission to the violation and the

“essentially technical nature of his violation,” it was an abuse of discretion for

the trial court to revoke the majority of his suspended time. Appellant’s Br. at

11. [10] Lee’s underlying conviction in this case was for Level 6 felony nonsupport of a

dependent child. As a condition of his probation for that conviction, he was

ordered to make weekly child support payments of $62.00 in a timely manner,

and a failure to pay child support for two consecutive weeks or a total of three

missed weeks would result in a violation of probation. Appellant’s App. Vol. 2 at

13, 25-26. On February 14, 2018, the State filed a petition to revoke Lee’s

probation alleging that he had failed to make child support payments as

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directed by the trial court and that his last child support payment was on

January 19, 2018, with an arrearage sum of $46,416.50. Id. at 27-28. [11] In its consideration of what sanction to impose, the trial court found as

aggravating factors the amount of the arrearage and that Lee had a criminal

history that included several prior probation violations. The trial court found as

a mitigating factor the fact that Lee admitted his violation so early in the

proceedings. The trial court went on to state that Lee had not requested any

reduction or abatement to his child support obligation based on his change in

income. Although Lee alleges that the failure to file a request to abate his child

support obligation did not arise since the time he was placed on probation, this

is not true; Lee claims that he lost his employment subsequent to being placed

on probation, and therefore, he could have filed a request to reduce or abate his

obligation in the time since he lost his employment. Based on Lee’s underlying

conviction for nonsupport of a dependent child and his constant disregard for

his child support obligation, it was not against the logic and effect of the facts

and circumstances for the trial court to order Lee to serve 650 days of his

previously-suspended sentence. We conclude that the trial court did not abuse

its discretion.1

1 Lee cites to several cases to support his assertion that the trial court abused its discretion because the nature of his violation was minor or technical. However, we disagree with Lee’s characterization of his violation as minor or technical. Lee was originally convicted of Level 6 felony nonsupport of a dependent child and given a sentence suspended to probation on November 28, 2017. As a condition of probation, Lee was required to pay his child support obligation weekly, and by February 14, 2018, when the petition to revoke

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1792 | February 12, 2019 Page 6 of 7 [12] Affirmed.

Riley, J., and Robb, J., concur.

probation was filed, he had already failed to pay his obligation as ordered. We do believe that such a violation is minor or technical in nature.

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