William E. Glesing, III v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Apr 23 2019, 10:35 am

court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Donald E. Hamilton Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Fortville, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana

Monika Prekopa Talbot Supervising Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

William E. Glesing, III, April 23, 2019 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-CR-847 v. Appeal from the Hancock Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Terry K. Snow Appellee-Plaintiff Trial Court Cause No. 30D01-1706-F6-1287

Crone, Judge. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-847 | April 23, 2019 Page 1 of 9

Case Summary [1] William E. Glesing, III, appeals the trial court’s revocation of his probation.

The sole restated issue presented for our review is whether Glesing knowingly,

voluntarily, and intelligently waived his right to counsel before admitting to

violating his probation. Concluding that, under the totality of the

circumstances, Glesing validly waived his right to counsel, we affirm.

Facts and Procedural History [2] On June 22, 2017, the State charged Glesing with level 6 felony domestic

battery. Glesing pled guilty to that charge on October 3, 2017. The trial court

sentenced Glesing to two years in the Hancock County jail with all but fourteen

days suspended to probation. Appellant’s App. Vol. 2 at 20, 26. [3] The State filed a notice of probation violation on November 15, 2017, after

Glesing failed a urine drug screen. During a hearing held on December 13,

2017, Glesing appeared pro se and admitted to violating his probation, and his

probation was continued by the trial court.1 After the probation department

completed an evaluation of Glesing for the “Heroin Protocol” drug treatment

program, Glesing was placed in Simply Divine transitional housing. Tr. Vol. 2

at 4. [4] Shortly thereafter, the State filed a notice of probation violation and petition to

revoke, alleging that Glesing had violated his probation by refusing to submit a

1 The transcript of this hearing was not included in the record on appeal.

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urine sample at Simply Divine and being discharged by the facility. A hearing

was held on February 7, 2018, at which Glesing again appeared pro se. Prior to

the start of the hearing, Glesing read and signed an advisement of rights form.

Tr. Vol. 2. at 4. The form included an advisement that Glesing had “the right

to be represented in this case by a lawyer” and that the court would appoint a

lawyer if he could not afford one. Appellant’s App. Vol. 2 at 34. The form also

advised Glesing that he had “the right to have [that] lawyer with [him]

whenever someone wants to question [him] in this case.” Id. During the

hearing, the trial court asked Glesing if he understood his constitutional rights

as provided on the form, and Glesing advised the court “Yes, I did.” Id. The

court then advised and asked, “At this time you can admit the violation, deny

the violation, or ask for a continuance to talk to a lawyer[.] Do you know what

you want to do?” Id. at 5. Glesing informed the court, “Um – I’ll admit it.”

Tr. Vol. 2. At 5. Glesing then told the court that he thought that he and the

director of the Heroin Protocol program had an agreement that perhaps he

could reside in a different facility. Because the director was not available, the

trial court continued the matter for a dispositional hearing on February 21,

2018. [5] Following the hearing held on February 21, Glesing was returned to probation.2

A week later, the State filed another notice of probation violation and petition

to revoke alleging that Glesing committed three new crimes in Marion County:

2 A transcript of the February 21, 2018, hearing is not included in the record on appeal.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-847 | April 23, 2019 Page 3 of 9 level 6 felony attempted auto theft; class B misdemeanor public intoxication; and class B misdemeanor disorderly conduct. A hearing was held on March 16, 2018, at which Glesing again appeared pro se. During that hearing, the following exchange took place:

THE COURT: Because you’re charged with a violation of the terms of probation in this cause, you have certain Constitutional rights. Before we started you were handed an initial hearing violation of rights form, returned to the bench purportedly signed by you. Did you read and sign this document?

MR. GLESING: Yes, I did.

THE COURT: Did you understand it?

MR. GLESING: Yes, I did.

THE COURT: Do you have any questions about your rights?

MR. GLESING: No, I do not.

THE COURT: At this time, you can admit the violation, deny the violation, or ask for a continuance to talk to a lawyer. Do you know what you want to do?

MR. GLESING: Admit the violation.

THE COURT: By admitting the violation, you’re telling me that you committed this offense in Marion County and that you were on probation at that time. Is that correct?

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MR. GLESING: I- I was arrested, Your Honor.

THE COURT: I understand you were arrested. That’s different than saying you did it. Is that case still pending?

MR. GLESING: Yes, sir.

THE COURT: All right. Then you probably want to uh – decline to admit it at this time, wouldn’t you think?

MR. GLESING: Uh- I don’t know. Depending on if I’m allowed to have bond ….

THE COURT: You won’t have bond on this case. I’ll tell you that right now.

MR. GLESING: Okay.

THE COURT: I’ll tell you what we’re going to do. We’re going to do it this way. We’re going to make it easy on you. I’m going to enter a denial on your behalf.

MR. GLESING: Your honor? Can I go ahead and admit it because I’m going to take a plea out there. I was just waiting on something here to –

THE COURT: Okay. Then you admit that you committed one or more of those offenses while you were on probation out of this Court?

MR. GLESING: Yes, Your Honor. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-847 | April 23, 2019 Page 5 of 9

THE COURT: Is that correct?

MR. GLESING: Yes, Your Honor.

THE COURT: All right. Who represented you before in this Court?

MR. GLESING: I was pro se, Your Honor.

THE COURT: You were always pro se?

MR. GLESING: Yes, Your Honor.

THE COURT: You want to stay that way or do you want a lawyer?

MR. GLESING: I’ll stay that way, Your Honor.

…

THE COURT: This is not your first rodeo.

MR. GLESING: It’s not, Your Honor.

Tr. Vol. 3 at 4-8. [6] At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court revoked Glesing’s probation

and ordered him to serve the remainder of his previously suspended sentence.

This appeal ensued.

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Discussion and Decision [7] Glesing challenges the trial court’s revocation of his probation based upon his

pro se admission that he violated his probation. Specifically, he claims that he

did not knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waive his right to counsel

before he admitted to violating his probation. Although probation is a favor

granted by the State and not a right to which a defendant is entitled, a

defendant is still entitled to some due process protections before his probation

may be revoked. Cooper v. State, 900 N.E.2d 64, 66 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). One of

those due process protections is the right to be represented by counsel. Ind.

Code § 35-38-2-3(e). If a defendant elects to proceed without counsel, the record

must reflect that he waived his right to counsel knowingly, voluntarily, and

intelligently. Cooper, 900 N.E.2d at 66. [8] “We review de novo a trial court’s finding that a defendant waived his right to

counsel.” Butler v. State, 951 N.E.2d 255, 260 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011). There are

no specific words or phrases that a trial court must utter to produce a valid

waiver of counsel by a defendant. Hammerlund v. State, 967 N.E.2d 525, 527-28

(Ind. Ct. App. 2012). Rather, “determining if a defendant’s waiver was

knowing and intelligent depends on the particular facts and circumstances

surrounding [the] case, including the background, experience, and conduct of

the accused.” Eaton v. State, 894 N.E.2d 213, 218 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008), trans.

denied (citations and quotation marks omitted).

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-847 | April 23, 2019 Page 7 of 9 [9] Here, the record establishes that Glesing was well aware of his right to be

represented by counsel during his probation revocation proceedings and to have

that counsel appointed at public expense. Glesing read and signed at least two

advisement of rights forms that specifically advised him of those rights, and

Glesing informed the court, on more than one occasion, that he understood his

rights and had no questions about them. Indeed, during the March 16, 2018,

revocation hearing, before accepting Glesing’s admission to his probation

violation, the trial court asked Glesing if he was sure he wanted to enter the

admission and then again confirmed with Glesing that he knew he had the right

to be represented by counsel. The court explained to Glesing what the

implications of his admission were and even cautioned Glesing that perhaps he

should enter a denial. Glesing unequivocally assured the court that he wished

to continue to represent himself and to admit to committing a new criminal

offense in violation of his probation. Glesing acknowledged to the court that it

was not his “first rodeo” and that he knew exactly what he was doing. Tr. Vol.

3 at 8. Based on the totality of these circumstances, we conclude that Glesing’s

waiver of counsel was knowing, voluntary, and intelligent.

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Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s revocation of his probation.3 [10] Affirmed.

Bradford, J., and Tavitas, J., concur.

3 Relying on Martin v. State, 813 N.E.2d 388 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), Glesing briefly argues that the evidence is insufficient to support the revocation of his probation because he admitted only to being arrested on new charges, and that an admission to an arrest alone cannot support the revocation of probation. Id. at 390 (holding that State could not rely on defendant’s admission to being arrested to prove by preponderance of evidence that he violated probation by committing another criminal offense). We disagree with Glesing as the record clearly establishes that he admitted to committing at least one of the Marion County offenses, not simply to being arrested. Glesing further suggests that we should reverse and remand for a new revocation hearing because the Marion County charges were subsequently dismissed two months after his probation was revoked. We find the subsequent dismissal of the charges to be of no moment to his admission to violating his probation in committing those offenses or to whether he knowingly, voluntarily, or intelligently waived his right to counsel prior to the admission.

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