Eran D. Haddock v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Sep 12 2019, 9:26 am

court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE William T. Myers Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Marion, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Matthew B. Mackenzie Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Eran D. Haddock, September 12, 2019 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-CR-154 v. Appeal from the Huntington Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Jennifer E. Appellee-Plaintiff. Newton, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 35D01-1505-F3-116

Tavitas, Judge. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-154 | September 12, 2019 Page 1 of 9

Case Summary [1] Eran Haddock appeals his sentence for dealing in cocaine or a narcotic drug, a

Level 3 felony. We affirm.

Issue [2] Haddock raises one issue, which we restate as whether the trial court abused its

discretion in sentencing Haddock.

Facts [3] On March 13, 2015, the State charged Haddock with two counts of dealing in

cocaine or a narcotic drug, Level 3 felonies. The offenses were Level 3 felonies

because the amount of the drug was at least one gram but less than five grams

and the offenses were committed in the physical presence of a child less than

eighteen years of age with Haddock’s knowledge that the child was present and

might be able to see or hear the offense. See Ind. Code §§ 35-48-4-1; 35-48-1-

16.5. [4] On January 5, 2016, Haddock pleaded guilty to one count of dealing in cocaine

or a narcotic drug, a Level 3 felony, and the State dismissed the remaining

charge. Haddock admitted that he sold seven hydromorphone pills weighing

1.3 grams to a confidential informant in the presence of a child less than

eighteen years of age when he knew the child was present and might be able to

see or hear the offense. The plea agreement left sentencing to the trial court’s

discretion. The plea agreement also provided: “I understand that I have a right

to appeal my sentence. As a condition of entering into this plea agreement, I Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-154 | September 12, 2019 Page 2 of 9

hereby knowingly and voluntarily waive my right to appeal my sentence so long

as the Judge sentences me within the terms of my plea agreement.” Appellant’s

App. Vol. II p. 27. At the sentencing hearing, Haddock acknowledged that an

aggravated sentence was appropriate and requested a sentence of twelve years

with three years suspended to probation. The trial court sentenced Haddock to

fourteen years with two years suspended to probation. [5] On April 30, 2018, Haddock filed a petition for permission to file a belated

appeal, which the trial court denied. On appeal, this Court reversed and

remanded with instructions for the trial court to grant Haddock’s petition for

permission to file the belated notice of appeal. Haddock v. State, 112 N.E.3d 763

(Ind. Ct. App. 2018), trans. denied. Haddock now appeals his sentence.

Analysis [6] Haddock argues that the trial court abused its discretion when sentencing him. 1

Sentencing decisions rest within the sound discretion of the trial court.

1 The State contends Haddock waived his right to appeal his sentence in his plea agreement. “It is well settled that a defendant can waive his right to appeal a sentence.” Haddock, 112 N.E.3d at 767 (citing Crider v. State, 984 N.E.2d 618, 623 (Ind. 2013)). “However, a defendant’s waiver of appellate rights is only valid if the sentence is imposed in accordance with the law.” Id. “Thus, if a sentence imposed is illegal, and the defendant does not specifically agree to the sentence, the waiver-of-appeal provision is invalid.” Id. Here Haddock’s plea agreement provided: “I understand that I have a right to appeal my sentence. As a condition of entering into this plea agreement, I hereby knowingly and voluntarily waive my right to appeal my sentence so long as the Judge sentences me within the terms of my plea agreement.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 27. Haddock, however, argues that the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing him because it failed to consider certain proposed mitigators and it used an element of the offense as an aggravator. “A sentence that is contrary to or violative of a penalty mandated by statute is illegal in the sense that it is without statutory authorization.” Reed v. State, 856 N.E.2d 1189, 1199 (Ind. 2006). The State argues that “[a] legal sentence may be improper or inappropriate under certain circumstances but Defendant’s rule would

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McElfresh v. State, 51 N.E.3d 103, 107 (Ind. 2016). As long as the sentence is

within the statutory range, it is subject to review only for an abuse of discretion.

Id. An abuse of discretion will be found where the decision is clearly against the

logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before the court or the

reasonable, probable, and actual deductions to be drawn therefrom. Id. [7] A trial court may abuse its discretion in a number of ways, including: (1) failing

to enter a sentencing statement at all; (2) entering a sentencing statement that

includes aggravating and mitigating factors that are unsupported by the record;

(3) entering a sentencing statement that omits reasons that are clearly supported

by the record; or (4) entering a sentencing statement that includes reasons that

are improper as a matter of law. Id. (citing Anglemyer v. State, 868 N.E.2d 482,

490-91 (Ind. 2007), clarified on reh’g, 875 N.E.2d 218 (Ind. 2007)). If a trial court

abuses its discretion by improperly considering an aggravating circumstance,

we need to remand for resentencing only “if we cannot say with confidence that

the trial court would have imposed the same sentence had it properly

considered reasons that enjoy support in the record.” Anglemyer, 868 N.E.2d at

491. A trial court’s sentencing order may not be challenged as reflecting an

improper weighing of aggravating or mitigating circumstances. Id.

render all appellate sentencing waivers ineffectual.” Appellee’s Br. p. 8. We need not determine whether Haddock waived his right to appeal his sentence because, waiver notwithstanding, we conclude that the trial court properly sentenced Haddock.

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I. Mitigating Factors

[8] Haddock first argues that the trial court should have considered the hardship on

his children and “the fact that he accepted responsibility and showed remorse at

sentencing” as mitigators. Appellant’s Br. p. 11. A trial court is not obligated

to accept a defendant’s claim as to what constitutes a mitigating circumstance.

Rascoe v. State, 736 N.E.2d 246, 249 (Ind. 2000). A trial court has discretion to

determine whether the factors are mitigating, and it is not required to explain

why it does not find the defendant’s proffered factors to be mitigating. Haddock

v. State, 800 N.E.2d 242, 245 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). A claim that the trial court

failed to find a mitigating circumstance requires the defendant to establish that

the mitigating evidence is both significant and clearly supported by the record.

Anglemyer, 868 N.E.2d at 493. [9] Haddock argued at the sentencing hearing that he had two dependent children

and that the mother of the children was also incarcerated. There was no

indication at the hearing or in the pre-sentence investigation report of who is

caring for the children now or the extent to which Haddock had been caring for

the children. Although we recognize these circumstances are unfortunate, we

are not persuaded that Haddock’s circumstances are so significant as to require

the trial court to find undue hardship as a mitigating circumstance. [10] As for Haddock’s remorse, our Supreme Court has held that a trial court’s

determination of a defendant’s remorse is similar to a determination of

credibility. Pickens v. State, 767 N.E.2d 530, 535 (Ind. 2002). “Without

evidence of some impermissible consideration by the court, we accept its Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-154 | September 12, 2019 Page 5 of 9

determination of credibility.” Id. Although Haddock briefly expressed remorse

during the sentencing hearing, it was within the trial court’s discretion to

determine the credibility of that remorse. Our review of the evidence does not

demonstrate an impermissible consideration by the trial court, and we cannot

say that the trial court abused its discretion with respect to Haddock’s remorse

as a mitigating factor. [11] Next, we address Haddock’s acceptance of responsibility. Haddock did plead

guilty, and a defendant who pleads guilty deserves “‘some’ mitigating weight be

given to the plea in return,” but the “significance of a guilty plea as a mitigating

factor varies from case to case.” Anglemyer, 875 N.E.2d at 220-21. “[A] guilty

plea may not be significantly mitigating when it does not demonstrate the

defendant’s acceptance of responsibility . . . or when the defendant receives a

substantial benefit in return for the plea.” Id. at 221. Haddock received a

significant benefit from his plea agreement because an additional Level 3 felony

charge was dismissed. Given the benefit Haddock received for his plea

agreement, we cannot say this proposed mitigator was so significant that the

trial court was required to find it as a mitigating factor.

II. Aggravating Factors

[12] Next, Haddock argues that the trial court abused its discretion by finding an

element of the offense as an aggravating factor. “[A] material element of a

crime may not be used as an aggravating factor to support an enhanced

sentence.” McElroy v. State, 865 N.E.2d 584, 589 (Ind. 2007). In evaluating the

nature of the offense, however, the trial court “may properly consider the Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-154 | September 12, 2019 Page 6 of 9

particularized circumstances of the factual elements as aggravating factors.”

McCarthy v. State, 749 N.E.2d 528, 539 (Ind. 2001). [13] Haddock contends that the trial court found the presence of a child during the

offense to be an aggravator, which also was an element of the offense. At the

sentencing hearing, the deputy prosecutor disagreed with Haddock’s proposed

hardship to his children mitigator and stated:

-- not for aggravation but for the fact that you know, his crime was elevated because there was a child present. He was able to hear or see that offense and that is an element of the crime. So I’m not asking that for aggravation but that’s why we believe that it’s an appropriate sentence based upon his criminal history. I always get frustrated when people come in and throw themselves on the mercy of the Court and say, “I want to be out for my kids.” But when you are out for your kids you are doing drugs in front of them which is not beneficial to them at all.

Tr. Vol. II p. 25. Immediately after the deputy prosecutor’s statement, the trial

court stated:

The criminal history shows two (2) other felony offenses, eight (8) prior, misdemeanor offenses, five (5) petitions to revoke. The factual basis for this particular offense specifically includes that it took place in the physical presence of a child less than eighteen (18) years of age. You are sentenced to fourteen (l4) years. The Court will suspend two (2) years leaving an executed sentence of twelve (12) years.

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Id. at 25-26. It is unclear whether the trial court found the presence of a child as

an aggravator or whether the trial court was merely commenting on Haddock’s

proposed mitigator of hardship to his children. [14] Even if the trial court abused its discretion in considering the presence of a

child, however, we find no error in Haddock’s sentence. “Where the trial court

has erred in sentencing a defendant, there are several options for the appellate

court.” Mannix v. State, 54 N.E.3d 1002, 1011 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016) (citing

Windhorst v. State, 868 N.E.2d 504, 507 (Ind. 2007)). “Without a trial court

sentencing order that meets the requirements of the law,” we have the option to

remand to the trial court for a clarification or new sentencing determination.

Id. Additionally, we may exercise our authority to review and revise the

sentence under Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B). Id. [15] Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B) provides that this court may revise a sentence

authorized by statute if, after due consideration of the trial court’s decision, we

find that the sentence “is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and

the character of the offender.” The nature of the offense is that Haddock sold

seven hydromorphone pills to a confidential informant in the presence of a

child less than eighteen years of age when he knew the child was present and

might be able to see or hear the offense. The pills weighed 1.3 grams. As for

the character of the offender, Haddock has a significant criminal history, which

the trial court recognized. As an adult, Haddock has convictions for two

felonies and eight misdemeanors, and his probation has been revoked five

times. Haddock conceded at his sentencing hearing that an aggravated

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sentence was warranted given his criminal history. Despite any error in the trial

court’s finding of aggravators, given the nature of Haddock’s offense and his

criminal history, Haddock’s sentence of fourteen years with two years

suspended to probation is not inappropriate.

Conclusion [16] The trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining mitigating factors.

Even if the trial court abused its discretion when considering one aggravator,

Haddock’s sentence is not inappropriate. We affirm. [17] Affirmed.

Brown, J., concurs.

Altice, J., concurs in result without opinion.

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