Michelle R. Tollefson v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Nov 13 2019, 11:02 am

court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE R. Patrick Magrath Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Alcorn Sage Schwartz & Attorney General of Indiana Magrath, LLP Evan Matthew Comer Madison, Indiana Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Michelle R. Tollefson, November 13, 2019 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-CR-1168 v. Appeal from the Dearborn Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Jonathan N. Appellee-Plaintiff Cleary, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 15D01-1810-F1-3

Baker, Judge. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1168 | November 13, 2019 Page 1 of 8 [1] Michelle Tollefson appeals the twenty-one-year sentence imposed by the trial

court after Tollefson pleaded guilty to Level 2 felony dealing in

methamphetamine in excess of ten grams, arguing that the sentence is

inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and her character. Finding

that the sentence is not inappropriate, we affirm.

Facts [2] On July 3, 2018, Tollefson and Brent Lutz traveled to Cincinnati to purchase

methamphetamine after their supply, which they had been using that day and

the night before, ran out. When they arrived in Cincinnati, Tollefson watched

Lutz approach a person she did not know and purchase something. She then

saw Lutz snort the substance he had purchased, which they both believed to be

heroin, but was actually fentanyl. Shortly thereafter, they met their contact and

purchased fourteen grams of methamphetamine; both Lutz and Tollefson used

some of the methamphetamine and then returned to Tollefson’s apartment in

Dearborn County. [3] After they arrived at Tollefson’s apartment, she gave Lutz a “couple of

Percocet’s [sic],” for which she did not have a prescription. Tr. Vol. II p. 26.

Later, Lutz went outside to smoke a cigarette and Tollefson took a shower.

While in the shower, Tollefson heard a noise. She went outside the apartment

and found that Lutz had passed out, face planting onto a chair. There was

vomit on the concrete near where Lutz had fallen, and Lutz was making a noise

that sounded like he was crying. Tollefson tried to move Lutz, but she was

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1168 | November 13, 2019 Page 2 of 8

unable to do so by herself, so she called a friend for help. Together, they moved

Lutz into the living room, where they laid him on the floor. She pushed Lutz

onto his side so that he could breathe and placed a pillow under his head to

keep his airway open. [4] Tollefson waited with Lutz for approximately thirty minutes and then slept for

a couple of hours. When Tollefson awoke, Lutz was still on the living room

floor and was making snoring sounds. Tollefson went to work around 5:30

a.m. that morning and, when she returned home around 3:30 that afternoon,

Lutz was dead. Tollefson called 911. Medical personnel examined Lutz’s

body. It was in a state of lividity, there was black pooling on his back, and he

had maggots and insect eggs in his eyes. The autopsy later established that

Lutz died of a mixed drug overdose. He had fentanyl, methamphetamine,

amphetamine, and oxycodone (Percocet) in his system. [5] Law enforcement arrived with emergency responders, but Tollefson refused to

consent to a search. The officers then applied for a search warrant. While

awaiting the warrant, the officers spoke with Tollefson, who admitted that she

had deleted several text messages from her phone that were related to drug

transactions. Initially, Tollefson denied that Lutz had a cell phone, but later in

the interview, she admitted that he did and pulled it out of her pocket. After

police obtained a search warrant, they searched Tollefson’s residence. They

found fourteen grams of methamphetamine, several Percocet pills, a smoking

device, a digital scale, and plastic baggies, among other things.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1168 | November 13, 2019 Page 3 of 8 [6] Police officers arrested Tollefson, who was interviewed again on July 5, 2018.

She admitted that she dealt methamphetamine to a “small number of people”

and that she regularly traveled to Cincinnati to purchase methamphetamine,

which she brought home to Dearborn County and sold. Id. at 24. [7] On October 29, 2018,1 the State charged Tollefson with Level 1 felony dealing

in a controlled substance resulting in death, Level 2 felony dealing in

methamphetamine in excess of ten grams, Level 5 felony dealing in a narcotic,

Level 6 felony obstruction of justice, Level 6 felony possession of a narcotic,

and Class C misdemeanor possession of paraphernalia. On March 11, 2019,

Tollefson pleaded guilty to the Level 2 felony charge in exchange for the

dismissal of the remaining charges; sentencing was left to the trial court’s

discretion. [8] The trial court held a sentencing hearing on April 26, 2019. The trial court

found the following mitigating circumstances: (1) Tollefson pleaded guilty;

(2) she had a dependent son; and (3) she expressed remorse for her conduct. It

also found the following aggravating factors: (1) Tollefson’s criminal history

and history of probation violations; (2) the “heinous” nature of the offense; and

(3) the substantial damage done to others as a result of the offense. Id. at 104.

The trial court denied Tollefson’s request that she be recommended for

1 It is unclear from the record why there was a lengthy delay between Tollefson’s initial arrest and the filing of criminal charges against her.

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Purposeful Incarceration and sentenced her to twenty-one years, with two years

suspended to probation. Tollefson now appeals.

Discussion and Decision [9] Tollefson’s sole argument on appeal is that the sentence is inappropriate in light

of the nature of the offense and her character pursuant to Indiana Appellate

Rule 7(B). We must “conduct [this] review with substantial deference and give

‘due consideration’ to the trial court’s decision—since the ‘principal role of

[our] review is to attempt to leaven the outliers,’ and not to achieve a perceived

‘correct’ sentence . . . .” Knapp v. State, 9 N.E.3d 1274, 1292 (Ind. 2014)

(quoting Chambers v. State, 989 N.E.2d 1257, 1259 (Ind. 2013)) (internal

citations omitted). [10] Tollefson was convicted of one Level 2 felony, for which she faced a sentence

of ten to thirty years, with an advisory term of seventeen and one-half years.

Ind. Code § 35-50-2-4.5. The trial court imposed a twenty-one-year sentence,

with two years suspended to probation, meaning that Tollefson faces an

executed sentence that is slightly longer than an advisory term. [11] With respect to the nature of the offense, Tollefson contributed to the death of a

close friend while involved in drug dealing activities. Over a twenty-four-hour

period, she smoked methamphetamine with Lutz at her apartment, travelled to

Cincinnati, where they purchased additional methamphetamine for her to sell,

witnessed Lutz snort what she believed to be heroin, and traveled back to her

residence, where she provided Lutz with Percocet in the hours before he lost

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consciousness and then died of an overdose. Moreover, the night before his

death, Lutz passed out, vomited, and was making a crying noise. Tollefson was

concerned enough about Lutz’s breathing that she propped his head on a pillow

to protect his airway, but evidently not concerned enough to seek medical

assistance. We infer that she was reluctant to open her residence to the

presence of medical and law enforcement personnel, given the readily apparent

drug use and dealing activity in the apartment. By the time she finally called

911, Lutz had been dead for so long that he had black pooling in his back and

maggots in his eyes. We do not find that the nature of the offense renders the

sentence inappropriate. [12] With respect to Tollefson’s character, we acknowledge, as did the trial court,

that she pleaded guilty (though she reaped a substantial benefit in return with

the dismissal of many other charges), expressed sincere remorse, and has a

dependent son. But we must also examine her criminal history, which includes

convictions for theft and operating a vehicle while intoxicated. She also entered

into a diversion program for a possession of paraphernalia charge prior to those

offenses. Moreover, these previous convictions led to four probation violations,

including multiple violations for positive drug screens, which led to the

revocation of probation in both cases. She also has prior arrests for Level 5

felony dealing in a narcotic drug and Level 6 felony unlawful possession of a

syringe, and admitted to police that in addition to dealing methamphetamine,

she also dealt heroin for a lengthy period of time. She continues to drive out of

state to purchase methamphetamine, which she then introduces into her

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community in Dearborn County. Despite Tollefson’s many drug-related

contacts with the criminal justice system, she is unwilling or unable to reform

her behavior to comport with the rule of law. We do not find that Tollefson’s

character renders the sentence inappropriate. [13] We acknowledge the insidiousness of addiction, and in general, we agree that

programs such as Purposeful Incarceration2 benefit all of society, including both

the defendant and the criminal justice system. We encourage trial courts to

utilize such programs whenever possible, and question why the trial court

denied Tollefson this opportunity. That said, when engaging in a Rule 7(B)

analysis, we believe it exceeds our authority to examine the defendant’s

placement in a particular program, as opposed to the length of the sentence. See

Miller v. State, 105 N.E.3d 194, 197 (Ind. Ct. App. 2018) (a defendant’s

“placement within a particular program [including Purposeful Incarceration] is

not an issue subject to this court’s review”). Therefore, while we encourage the

trial court here to reexamine Tollefson’s case to consider recommending

Purposeful Incarceration, we decline to order that such action be taken.

2 Purposeful Incarceration is a cooperative project between the Department of Correction (DOC) and Indiana’s trial courts. With this program, the DOC “works in collaboration with Judges who can sentence chemically addicted offenders and document that they will ‘consider a sentence modification’ should the offender successfully complete an IDOC Therapeutic community. This supports the [DOC] and the Judiciary to get addicted offenders the treatment that they need and work collaboratively to support their successful re-entry into society.” Ind. Dep’t of Corr., Purposeful Incarceration, https://www.in.gov/idoc/2798.htm (last visited October 30, 2019).

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1168 | November 13, 2019 Page 7 of 8 [14] In sum, we find that the sentence imposed by the trial court is not inappropriate

in light of the nature of the offense and Tollefson’s character. [15] The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

Kirsch, J., and Crone, J., concur.

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