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C.N. v. K.B. (mem. dec.)
MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Dec 16 2020, 8:47 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT Mark F. James Anderson, Agostino & Keller, P.C. South Bend, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
C.N., December 16, 2020 Appellant-Respondent, Court of Appeals Case No. 20A-AD-1361 v. Appeal from the St. Joseph Probate Court K.B., The Honorable Appellee-Petitioner Jason Cichowicz, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 71J01-1906-AD-64
Vaidik, Judge.
Case Summary [1] C.N. appeals the trial court’s judgment that his consent to the adoption of
T.G.D. (“Child”) was irrevocably implied. We affirm. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-AD-1361 | December 16, 2020 Page 1 of 6
Facts and Procedural History [2] S.B. (“Mother”) is the biological mother of Child, born in March 2016. Mother
believed C.N. to be Child’s biological father, but C.N. was not present for the
birth or listed on the birth certificate. Sometime after Child was born, Mother
“notified” C.N. and his mother that he is the father of Child. Tr. Vol. II p. 22.
However, C.N. had no contact with Child and paid no child support, and
paternity was never established. He also never registered with the putative-
father registry. [3] In April 2019, when Child was three years old, Mother married K.B.
(“Stepmother”). In June, Stepmother filed a petition for adoption. Mother
executed a consent to the adoption and gave the adoption attorney C.N.’s
name. However, Mother did not provide C.N.’s address because she “did not
have that information[.]” Id. at 20. The adoption attorney and his legal assistant
located a potential address for C.N. online and, on July 9, 2019, sent notice of
Stepmother’s intent to adopt Child to that address, which was C.N.’s parents’
home. See Exs. A, B. This notice purported to be sent in compliance with the
form in Indiana Code section 31-19-4-5, but it did not include the last two
sentences of the form: “This notice complies with IC 31-19-4-5 but does not
exhaustively set forth a putative father’s legal obligations under the Indiana
adoption statutes. A person being served with this notice should consult the
Indiana adoption statutes.” Ind. Code § 31-19-4-5.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-AD-1361 | December 16, 2020 Page 2 of 6 [4] In July 2019, C.N. was incarcerated, but his parents told him about the notice.
On July 31, C.N. filed a motion to contest the adoption. In August, the trial
court appointed C.N. an attorney. A hearing on the motion to contest was held
in March 2020. Stepmother argued C.N. could not contest the adoption
because—under the putative-father-registry statutes—his consent to the
adoption was irrevocably implied when he failed to register with the putative-
father registry within the required period. See Ind. Code § 31-19-5-18. C.N.
countered the putative-father-registry statutes did not apply to him and
therefore his consent was not irrevocably implied under them. Specifically,
C.N. argued the statutes do not apply when the mother knows the putative
father’s name and address, and thus the statutes did not apply to him because
he claimed Mother knew his name and address. See Ind. Code § 31-19-5-1(b)
(stating the putative-father-registry statutes do not apply when “on or before the
date the child’s mother executes a consent to the child’s adoption, the child’s
mother discloses the name and address of the putative father to the attorney or
agency that is arranging the child’s adoption.”). [5] In June, the trial court denied C.N.’s motion to contest, finding (1) the putative-
father-registry statutes applied to C.N. because Mother did not know his
address when she executed the consent to Child’s adoption and (2) C.N.’s
consent to the adoption was irrevocably implied because he did not register
with the putative-father registry within the required period. Appellant’s App.
Vol. II p. 64. The following month the trial court granted Stepmother’s petition
for adoption.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-AD-1361 | December 16, 2020 Page 3 of 6 [6] C.N. now appeals.
Discussion and Decision [7] At the outset, we note Stepmother did not file an appellee’s brief. Under that
circumstance, we do not undertake to develop the appellee’s arguments.
Branham v. Varble, 952 N.E.2d 744, 746 (Ind. 2011). Rather, we will reverse
upon an appellant’s prima facie showing of reversible error. Id. [8] C.N. first argues his due-process rights were violated because the “Notice sent
by [Stepmother] did not fully comply with the Form of Notice required by I.C.
31-19-4-5.” Appellant’s Br. p. 7. It appears C.N., as an unregistered putative
father, was not even entitled to notice of the adoption. See Ind. Code §§ 31-19-4-
6, 31-19-5-18. But even if he was, Stepmother’s failure to strictly comply with
the form in Section 31-19-4-5 did not violate his due-process rights. [9] The notice sent to C.N. omitted the last two sentences of the form in Section
31-19-4-5. However, the statute “requires substantial compliance with the form
of notice, not strict compliance.” In re Paternity of M.G.S., 756 N.E.2d 990, 1001
(Ind. Ct. App. 2001), trans denied. Substantial compliance with the notice
provision is “sufficient if the party receives notice which achieves that purpose
for which the statute was intended.” In re Adoption of J.T.A., 988 N.E.2d 1250,
1257 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013) (quoting In re Paternity of Baby Girl, 661 N.E.2d 873,
877 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996)), trans. denied. We have found insufficient notice where
deviations from the statutory form are misleading or omit materially significant
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-AD-1361 | December 16, 2020 Page 4 of 6
elements. See Baby Girl, 661 N.E.2d at 878 (notice deficient because it misled
putative father “as to what was required of him”); J.T.A., 988 N.E.2d at 1257
(notice deficient because biological parent was not notified she must act within
thirty days or her consent would be implied). But that is not the scenario here.
The notice makes clear Stepmother intended to adopt Child and that C.N. had
to act within thirty days to protect his rights. C.N. makes no argument as to
how the omission of these lines misled him or failed to give him sufficient
notice. Indeed, C.N. filed a motion to contest within thirty days and was
appointed an attorney who represented him at the hearing. C.N.’s due-process
rights were not violated. [10] C.N. next argues the trial court erred in “ruling that his consent to the adoption
was irrevocably implied” because “[M]other committed fraud by failing to
disclose [his] address.” Appellant’s Br. p. 6. He compares his case to In re the
Adoption of L.G.K., 113 N.E.3d 767 (Ind. Ct. App. 2018), trans. denied, in which
this Court affirmed the trial court’s decision to grant the putative father’s
motion for relief from judgment based on the mother’s fraud. There, the mother
fraudulently asserted to the trial court she did not know the identity of her
child’s father. Here, however, there is no evidence that fraud occurred. C.N.
asserts Mother knew his address and fraudulently withheld this information,
but he does not support this contention with any evidence in the record. In
contrast, Mother testified she provided the adoption attorney with C.N.’s name
but did not know his address. The attorney and the attorney’s assistant
produced affidavits stating Mother did not provide them with Father’s address
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-AD-1361 | December 16, 2020 Page 5 of 6
and they found his parents’ address online themselves. See Exs. A, B. We find
no evidence of fraud and thus no prima facie showing of reversible error. [11] Affirmed.
Brown, J., and Pyle, J., concur.
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