In the Matter of R.G., A Child Alleged to be In Need of Services, T.N. (Mother) v. Indiana Department of Child Services (mem. dec.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Jan 07 2021, 8:25 am

court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Jennifer A. Joas Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Attorney at Law Attorney General Madison, Indiana Alan K. Davis Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of R.G., a Child January 7, 2021 Alleged to be in Need of Court of Appeals Case No. Services, 20A-JC-1379 T.N. (Mother), Appeal from the Scott Circuit Court Appellant-Respondent, The Honorable v. Marsha Owens Howser, Judge Trial Court Cause No. Indiana Department of Child 72D01-1911-JC-96 Services, Appellee-Petitioner

Vaidik, Judge. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-JC-1379 | January 7, 2021 Page 1 of 7

Case Summary [1] T.N. (“Mother”) appeals the trial court’s determination that her son, R.G.

(“Child”), is a Child in Need of Services (CHINS). Concluding the evidence

presented to the trial court did not support its finding, we reverse.

Facts and Procedural History [2] Mother and C.G. (“Father”) are the biological parents of Child, born in

September 2014. Father stipulated Child is a CHINS and does not participate in

this appeal. Mother also has a daughter, A.N., from a prior relationship. [3] On October 30, 2019, the Department of Child Services (DCS) received a report

Child and A.N. were “victims of [n]eglect in the form of being exposed to

domestic violence.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 12. The report alleged Mother

had committed domestic violence against her boyfriend (“Boyfriend”).

Specifically, the report alleged Mother punched Boyfriend repeatedly in the face

in front of the children and “pulled a butcher knife on him.” Id. On November

1, Family Case Manager (FCM) Mercedes Smith investigated the report.

Finding the domestic-violence allegations to be “factual” against Mother, FCM

Smith removed Child and A.N. from the home. 1 Id. at 13. Child was placed

with Father.

1 Mother is not appealing the proceedings involving A.N.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-JC-1379 | January 7, 2021 Page 2 of 7 [4] On November 6, DCS filed a petition alleging Child is a CHINS. In February

2020, the trial court conducted a fact-finding hearing. Only two caseworkers

testified. FCM Smith testified as to the domestic-abuse allegations against

Mother and the investigation into those allegations. FCM Smith generally

testified as to her understanding of the incident—Boyfriend’s daughter and

Mother argued and when Boyfriend intervened Mother pulled a butcher knife

on him. Either Mother or Boyfriend then threw the knife in the sink, and

Mother punched Boyfriend four or five times in the head. As to the specifics of

what she was told, FCM Smith stated Boyfriend told her Mother “smacked him

in the face.” Tr. Vol. II p. 9. Finally, she related Boyfriend’s teenage son told

her Mother “pull[ed] out the butcher [knife]” on Boyfriend and “there was also

a gun involved,” Mother “drinks every night,” and “he was afraid to [go]

home” because of Mother’s behavior. Id at 10. The second witness, FCM

Stephanie Hale, testified only as to Mother’s participation in services after

Child’s removal. The trial court found Child is a CHINS “based upon the

testimony I’ve heard today[.]” Id. at 15. [5] Later that month, the trial court entered an order adjudicating Child a CHINS

under Indiana Code section 31-34-1-1. The order includes findings and

conclusions, stating in part:

4) Mother has ongoing mental health issues that affect her ability to provide adequate care, treatment, and supervision of the child.

5) Mother is in need of services to address the issue of mental health.

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6) The family would not receive services without the coercive intervention of the Court.

7) The child needs care, treatment, or rehabilitation that Mother is unable to supply, which would not likely be provided without the coercive intervention of the Court.

Appellant’s App. Vol. II pp. 33-34. [6] Mother now appeals.2

Discussion and Decision [7] Mother argues the evidence presented at the fact-finding hearing is insufficient

to support the CHINS determination. Here, the trial court entered findings and

conclusions sua sponte. Therefore, our review is governed by Indiana Trial

Rule 52(A). Matter of N.C., 72 N.E.3d 519, 523 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017). “For issues

covered by the [trial] court’s findings, we first consider whether the evidence

supports the factual findings and then consider whether those findings support

the [trial] court’s judgment.” Id. We will set aside the findings or judgment only

if they are clearly erroneous. Id. “Findings are clearly erroneous when there are

no facts in the record to support them[.]” Id. We review any remaining issues

under the general-judgment standard, under which a judgment “will be affirmed

2 On August 5, 2020, DCS requested its wardship over Child be terminated after Father was given custody of Child. The trial court terminated wardship the following day. This does not render the matter moot, however, as a CHINS adjudication can have other ramifications on parents. See In re S.D., 2 N.E.3d 1283, 1290 (Ind. 2014), reh’g denied.

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if it can be sustained on any legal theory supported by the evidence.” In re S.D.,

2 N.E.3d 1283, 1287 (Ind. 2014) (quoting Yanoff v. Muncy, 688 N.E.2d 1259,

1262 (Ind. 1997)), reh’g denied. [8] The trial court found Child is a CHINS under Indiana Code section 31-34-1-1,

which provides a child is a CHINS if that child is under eighteen and:

(1) the child’s physical or mental condition is seriously impaired or seriously endangered as a result of the inability, refusal, or neglect of the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian to supply the child with necessary food, clothing, shelter, medical care, education, or supervision:

(A) when the parent, guardian, or custodian is financially able to do so; or

(B) due to the failure, refusal, or inability of the parent, guardian, or custodian to seek financial or other reasonable means to do so; and

(2) the child needs care, treatment, or rehabilitation that the child:

(A) is not receiving; and

(B) is unlikely to be provided or accepted without the coercive intervention of the court.

DCS must prove by a preponderance of the evidence the child is a CHINS. Ind.

Code § 31-34-12-3. In sum, a CHINS adjudication “requires three basic

elements: that the parent’s actions or inactions have seriously endangered the

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child, that the child’s needs are unmet, and (perhaps most critically) that those

needs are unlikely to be met without State coercion.” In re S.D., 2 N.E.3d at

1287. Mother asserts DCS failed to show all three elements. We agree as to the

first element, so we need not address Mother’s remaining arguments. [9] The trial court found “Mother has ongoing mental health issues that affect her

ability to provide adequate care, treatment, and supervision of the child.”

Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 33. Although the trial court did not have to enter

findings, “once the trial court walks down the path of making findings, it is

bound under Indiana Trial Rule 52(A) to make findings that support the

judgment.” In re C.M., 960 N.E.2d 169, 175 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011) (quoting Parks

v. Delaware Cnty. Dep’t of Child Servs., 862 N.E.2d 1275, 1281 (Ind. Ct. App.

2007), superseded by statute on other grounds), aff’d on reh’g, 963 N.E.2d 528 (Ind.

Ct. App. 2012). No evidence as to Mother’s mental health was presented at the

fact-finding hearing. The only evidence admitted was the testimony of the two

FCMs, neither of whom addressed Mother’s mental health. The only evidence

in the record even suggesting Mother had a mental-health problem was the

original report made to DCS, which claimed Mother was mentally unstable.

But DCS offered no proof of this allegation—and didn’t even mention it—at the

fact-finding hearing. [10] DCS contends the trial court “reasonably infer[red]” Mother had mental-health

issues that endangered Child based on the domestic-violence allegations and

Boyfriend’s son’s statement she drinks every night. Appellee’s Br. p. 17. To be

sure, domestic violence and excessive drinking can suggest mental-health issues. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-JC-1379 | January 7, 2021 Page 6 of 7

However, we do not have enough facts to support that here. Not enough of the

circumstances of the single domestic-violence incident was presented at the

hearing. While Boyfriend’s son told FCM Smith that Mother pulled a knife on

Boyfriend, he also said a gun was involved, and the record does not indicate

who possessed the gun or how it was involved. And while Boyfriend’s son’s

statement that Mother “drinks nightly” is concerning, there was no evidence

indicating how much she drinks per night or that she suffers from alcoholism.

As such, the trial court’s finding Mother had mental-health issues is not

supported by the evidence. [11] The State also argues that even if there is insufficient evidence to find Mother

had mental-health issues, we should affirm the trial court’s CHINS

determination under the general-judgment standard based on the evidence of

domestic violence in the household. However, “we are bound by the findings of

the trial court on the issues that are covered[.]” Park, 862 N.E.2d at 1280. Here,

the trial court’s finding covered the endangerment element, and as such “we are

not at liberty to scour the record to find evidence to support the judgment.” Id. [12] Because the evidence does not support the trial court’s CHINS finding, we

reverse the judgment. [13] Reversed.

Brown, J., and Pyle, J., concur.

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