State ex rel. Twigg v. Superior Court

Mount, J. Original application for a writ of prohibition. It appears from the record herein that the relator, on May 12, 1899, commenced an action in the superior court of King county against Fannie James and J. L. James, husband and wife, to recover upon two promissory notes, dated in April, 1893, and to foreclose a mortgage, given upon real property in said county to secure the said notes. Personal service of the summons and complaint Was made upon each of the defendants in that action. The prayer of the complaint was as follows: “Wherefore, plaintiff demands judgment against said defendants and each of them upon the first cause of action in the sum of $500, with interest from April 18, 1893, at twelve per cent per annum, until paid, and upon the second cause of action in the sum of $226.60, with interest from April 29, 1893, at twelve per cent per annum until paid, and for taxes paid in the sum of $72.60, and attorney’s fee in the sum of $50, and for all costs and disbursements herein taxed; that a decree be entered foreclosing the aforesaid mortgage and that the aforesaid judgment and the whole thereof be paid out of the proceeds accruing from the sale of the property in said complaint and mortgage described, and that the plaintiff or any person may become a purchaser and be let into possession of said premises upon the production of a certificate of purchase, and that said defendants and each of them be forever barred of any and all right and title whatsoever in and to said lots or either of them except the right to redeem, and that plaintiff have such other and further relief as may seem proper herein.” Keither of the defendants appeared in response to said [645] summons and complaint, but both made default. Thereafter, on June 8, 1899, a judgment was entered as follows, omitting the title: “The court having made its findings of fact and conclusions of law in said action, now, upon motion of Fred H. Peterson, attorney for plaintiff, this court enters the following decree: Wherefore it is hereby ordered, adjudged and decreed that said plaintiff have and recover from said defendants and each of them the sum of $1,146.20, with interest thereon at the rate of twelve-per cent per annum until paid, and an attorney’s fee of $50, and all costs and disbursements herein; that the mortgage described in the complaint in said action be foreclosed and the property therein described, to wit, lots 4 and 5 in block 57, in Gilman Park in said King county, be sold by the sheriff of said county in the manner provided by law, and that the proceeds thereof be applied in payment of the aforesaid judgment, attorney’s fee and costs and interest, and the plaintiff have a judgment for any deficiency that may remain after applying the proceeds of such sale as aforesaid, and that execution may issue for such deficiency against the property of each of said defendants; that said plaintiff or any other person may become a purchaser at such sale, and that the purchaser be let into possession of said premises upon the production of a certificate of purchase, and that said defendants and each of them be forever barred from any and all right, title and interest whatever in and to the said property except the right to redeem as provided by law.” Subsequently, in July, 1899, the property described in the decree was sold for $500, leaving a balance of $748 unsatisfied. The sale was subsequently confirmed and the deed issued. Kothing further was done in the case until February 17, 1904, when the defendant therein appeared specially, and moved the trial court to set aside and vacate the judgment, upon the grounds, that it is void because the court had no jurisdiction to grant the relief [646] claimed in the decree; that it was rendered by default, without proof of service; that it was procured by fraud; and that the complaint did not demand a deficiency judgment. Wren this motion was heard, the judge stated that he would grant an order vacating the deficiency judgment, on the ground that the prayer of the complaint did not authorize such judgment. No order was made, however, the court granting the plaintiff time to apply here for a writ of prohibition, which was done, and a temporary writ was issued. The main contention upon the argument here is upon the question whether the lower court had jurisdiction to grant a deficiency judgment, upon the prayer of the complaint above quoted, where the defendants defaulted. We have no doubt upon this question. It falls squarely within the rule in Rogers v. Turner, 19 Wash. 399, 53 Pac. 663. While we are, for that reason, of the opinion that the lower court is threatening to commit error, yet this is not enough to authorize us to issue the writ prayed for, because, under the statute, the writ will issue only “where there is not a plain, speedy and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law.” § 5770, Bal. Code. This court has frequently held that the writ will not issue for the purpose of correcting or reviewing errors of the trial court. State ex rel. Foster v. Superior Court, 30 Wash. 156, 70 Pac. 230, 73 Pac. 690, and authorities there cited. It follows that the writ will not issue to prevent the court from committing a threatened error. It is true, as argued by relator, that we have many times held that there is no appeal from an order vacating a judgment. Nelson v. Denny, 26 Wash. 327, 67 Pac. 78. But, in all the cases where we have so held, the effect of the order vacating the judgment was not a final [647] disposition of the case. It permitted the parties to contest the case upon the merits, and a subsequent final judgment to be entered, from which an appeal might be taken. The reason given for the rule in such case is that such practice needlessly delays litigation, and permits causes to be brought here by piecemeal. But such is not this case. If the lower court shall make the order setting aside the deficiency judgment because the court was not authorized to enter it, under the prayer of the complaint, that order will be a final determination of that part of the judgment. It will completely determine the case, and will certainly affect a substantial right. It is clearly appealable, under subd. 1, § 6500, Bal. Code. For this reason the writ prayed for is denied. Fullerton, C. J., and Anders and Hadley, JJ., concur.