Vogler v. Anderson

Fullerton, J. This action was brought by the appellants to restrain the respondents from trespassing on certain farm lands situated in Franklin county, it being alleged in the complaint that the respondents had, without color of authority, entered upon the appellants’ premises, tore down the fences, drove with teams and wagons over their garden and fruit trees, and committed other injuries thereto, to the damage of the appellants in the sum of two thousand dollars. The respondents admitted entering upon the premises described and tearing down the fences, but justified their acts by pleading that they entered as county officers upon a county road, across which the appellants had wrongfully con [203] structed the fence which they removed, pleading further that a road had been established across the appellants’ land by adverse user. The cause was tried by the court without a jury, and resulted in a judgment for costs in favor of the respondents. In this court each party insists that the pleading of the other is insufficient, but as the errors pointed out consist of defects capable of being cured by amendment, and the case was tried in the court below on the merits as if upon sufficient pleadings, this court will treat the pleadings as amended, and try the case de novo upon the record. The evidence tended to show that, prior to March, 1903, the land of the appellants was unoccupied government land, subject to entry under the land laws of the United States; that some two years prior to that time, certain settlers living in the vicinity began to drive over it on their way from their homes to a place where they obtained water, and that between that time and March 1903, it was used as a highway by them for that purpose, and by other persons who had occasion to pass through that part of the country. At the date mentioned, the appellants settled on the land. They changed the travel somewhat, shortly after their entry, in order to accommodate their fences, but suffered it to continue over the route as changed for about one year thereafter, when they fenced up the entire tract, closing the road at the places where it entered and left the land. The respondents, as county commissioners of Franklin county, conceiving the road to be a public highway, ordered it opened, and the tearing down of the fences by the road supervisor constituted the trespasses complained of in the appellants’ complaint. The trial court based its judgment on the theory that the act of Congress granting a right of way for the construction of public highways over public lands not reserved for public use was a grant in praesenti, and became effective the moment the public-begamusing the way,.asa public highway, and that it is not necessary that a way should be used for any specific [204] time in order to ^constitute an acceptance of it as a grant under this' statute. The case of Okanogan County v. Cheetham, 37 Wash. 682, 80 Pac. 262, is cited as establishing this doctrine. In that case the trial court decided, by analogy to the statute of limitations for the recovery of real property, that, in order to constitute a way across public land, the user must have continued for a period of ten years or more. This court reversed that decision, • holding that continuous user for a period of seven years was sufficient to establish the way as a public highway. But it was not said, or intended to be said, that a user-for any lesser period than seven years would be sufficient for that purpose. On the contrary, to hold that a lesser period would suffice in this state would violate the terms of the grant made by Congress. The grant is for a right of way to establish a public highway, and a public highway must be established in some of the ways provided by statute before the grant takes effect. If the road is established under the. statute providing for their establishment by the board of county commissioners, it takes effect when the commissioners lawfully establish the road; but if the road is established by adverse user, it takes effect-when the adverse user ripens into a right by prescription. The shortest period allowed by statute, to establish a highway by user in this state is seven years [Bal. Code, § 3846 (P. C. § 7860)], and no user short of this period can therefore be held to be an acceptance of the grant contained in the act of Congress cited. As the use in the case at bar had continued for at most but two years before the appellants entered upon the land, no right by prescription 'had been acquired, and the court erred in holding the way in dispute to be a public highway. The judgment appealed from is reversed, and the cause remanded, with instructions to enter a judgment perpetually enjoining the respondents and each of them from interfering with the appellants’ fences, or attempting to open or maintain the way in' question across their premises as a public [205] highway. No judgment for damages will be allowed, but appellants will recover costs in both courts. Hadley, C. J., Crow, Dunbar, and Mount, JJ., concur.