Boyle v. Oleson

Gose, J. This proceeding was heard in the superior court, sitting in probate, at the time of the final settlement of the account and the distribution of the estate of John P. Kirby, deceased, upon the petition of four of the daughters of the deceased, one of whom, Anna R. Kile, died pending the proceeding. The issue presented for determination is, whether certain property situated in the city of Tacoma was the separate property of the deceased or the common property of the deceased and his widow, Ann Kirby, from whom he was divorced in 1878, and who died in 1896. All the parties stip — 671 — ulated that this question should be determined by the trial court, and no jurisdictional question is now raised. Certain property was adjudged to be common property, and a decree was entered accordingly. The devisees and legatees under the will of John P. Kirby have appealed. Ann Kirby died intestate in San Francisco, California, in 1896, having before her death divided all the property owned by her, or to which she claimed title, between her children. John P. Kirby died testate at the same place in 1905. At the time of his death he was a resident of Pierce county, in this state, and his will was regularly proven and admitted to probate there, and his estate has proceeded to final settlement and distribution. In his will he failed to name two of his grandchildren, but their rights are conceded. The appellants contend that the findings of the court are not in harmony with the conclusions of law; and that the findings and the evidence require an adjudication that all the property in this state was the separate property of the testator. We think this contention must be upheld. The facts found which are essential to a consideration of this question are, that John P. Kirby and Ann Kirby intermarried in the state of Massachusetts in 1855; that they later came to San Francisco; that in 1870 John P. Kirby came to this territory and acquired a preemption claim at La Conner; that on September 6, 1878, a decree of divorce was entered in the third judicial district at the suit of John P. Kirby, whereby the marriage bonds between him and Ann Kirby were dissolved; that the referee found “that there is no common or copartnership property of plaintiff and defendant”; that in 1879 Ann Kirby filed a petition in the divorce proceeding to set aside the decree; that pending the petition she and John P. Kirby entered into an agreement of settlement in the language following: “Memorandum of an Agreement, made and entered into at the city and county of San Francisco, state of California, this 16th day of August, 1879, between John P. Kirby, of — 672 — La Conner, Whatcom county, Washington Territory, party of the first part, and Ann M. Kirby, of the city and county of Ban Francisco aforesaid, party of the second part; “Witnesseth, That whereas the party of the first part on or about the 30th day of June, 1878, obtained a decree of divorce from the party of the second part in the district court of said territory, for the Seattle district, and “Whereas, The party of the second part has since taken proceedings in said court to set aside said decree and to obtain a decree of said court awarding certain lands at La Conner aforesaid to the party of the second part, and “Whereas, It has been agreed between the parties hereto that said proceedings on the part of the party of the second part shall be discontinued and all matters in difference between them settled; “Now in consideration of the premises the party of the first part hereby agrees that he will forthwith execute to the party of the second part a deed of conveyance of one-half of the preemption claim of the party of the first part situate at La Conner aforesaid, and consisting of 86 acres, more or less, of land, and being the north half of said preemption claim; “And in consideration of said conveyance of land the party of the second part hereby agrees to discontinue forthwith all proceedings to vacate or set aside said decree of divorce, and all other proceedings either at law or in equity against the party of the first part, and also accept the said decree as a valid and binding divorce between the parties hereto. “And it is further hereby agreed that each of the parties hereto shall bear their own costs and expenses in said herein-before mentioned proceedings in the district court; “And it is further hereby agreed, and these presents witness, that each of the parties hereto have released the other from all claims and demands whatsoever to the date hereof”; that the divorce remained in full force and effect; that pursuant to the agreement, John P. Kirby conveyed to Ann Kirby one-half of the preemption claim, consisting of about eighty-seven acres, which she received and later sold, appropriating the proceeds to her own use; that she died intestate in San Francisco in 1896, dividing her California property between her children before her death, but not mentioning or — 673 — disposing of any property in this state; that she did not remarry; that in 1877 John P. Kirby purchased lots 25 and 26 in block 1506 in the city of Tacoma, paying therefor $250, and recording the deed in October, 1878, after the entry of the decree of divorce and before the settlement; that the lots with the improvements are now of the value of $70,000; that neither Ann Kirby nor the petitioners have ever paid, or offered to pay, any taxes or assessments against the property; that John P. Kirby erected buildings upon the property of the value of $10,000, and paid all taxes and assessments thereon; that a short time after the death of John P. Kirby the deed to the lots came into the possession of the petitioners, and they thereafter “upon investigation being made, first learned that said property was acquired prior to the date of the entry of the decree of divorce”; that Ann Kirby never resided in this state. From the facts stated it will be observed that, after 1870, Ann Kirby was a resident of the state of California, and John P. Kirby was a resident of this territory and state; that the property which is asserted to be common property was acquired in 1877, before the date of the decree of divorce; that the deed by which it was conveyed was filed for record in 1878, after the entry of the decree and before the articles of settlement were executed; that the property was purchased for $250, and by the improvements placed upon it by the husband and the growth of the city, it had increased in value to $70,000, at the time of the trial; that from the settlement in 1879, whereby each party released the other “from all claims and demands whatsoever,” to the death of the wife in 1896, a period of seventeen years, she acquiesced in the settlement and the divorce decree based upon a finding that there was no “common property,” the term then employed by the statute for what is now designated community property, and that she accepted “the said decree as a valid and binding divorce.” The evidence shows conclusively that she thereafter conveyed property as the widow of John P. Kirby, and that in 1893, three — 674 — years before her death, both she and the petitioners were advised that the property in controversy was purchased by the husband before the entry of the divorce decree; that the petitioners remained inactive until the commencement of this proceeding in 1909, thirty years after the settlement, and that John P. Kirby at all times exercised and asserted absolute ownership over the property. Without considering the effect of the finding in the divorce proceeding that there was no common property, based upon a complaint containing that averment, and without considering the statute of limitations, we think that the petitioners are estopped by the laches and acquiescence of their mother to maintain this proceeding. The finding of the trial court that the respondents first learned that the property was acquired before the entry of the decree of divorce, after the death of John P. Kirby, as we have stated, is not supported by the evidence. As early as 1890 they knew that the father was claiming and asserting title to the property. In 1893 the mother visited the respondents at Tacoma, when some of them were living upon the property as tenants of John P. Kirby, and she and the respondents were advised then, or a short time thereafter, that the property was purchased before the decree was entered. If the mother was content to accept the settlement as final both before and after she had notice of the time the property was acquired, the respondents, who can only claim through her, cannot be heard after a lapse of thirty years, and after the death of all the parties to the transaction, to question its conclusiveness. Courts of equitable cognizance have ever frowned upon stale demands, and refused relief where rights have been asserted by one party and acquiesced in by the other for such a length of time and under such circumstances as to make it inequitable to permit the apparent and asserted right to be disturbed. It follows from what we have said that the widow was estopped at the time of her death by her laches and acquiescence, and that — 675 — those in privity with her occupy the same position. Ferrell v. Lord, 43 Wash. 667, 86 Pac. 1060. We conclude, therefore, that all the property in controversy was the separate property of the deceased, and that it should be distributed according to the will, except as to the grandchildren not named in the will, whose rights are admitted and were protected in the decree. The decree is reversed, with directions to distribute the property in conformity with this opinion. Rudkin, C. J., Chadwick, Fullerton, and Morris, JJ., concur.