Mallett v. Seattle, Renton & Southern Railway Co.

Mount, J. Action for personal injuries. The plaintiff was struck by one of defendant’s cars, running upon the easterly track of a double-track electric line, on Rainier avenue, in the southerly part of Seattle. His left leg was broken, and he received other injuries. The case was tried to a jury. At the close of the plaintiff’s evidence, a motion for a nonsuit was made and denied. At the close of all the evidence, the case was submitted to a jury, and a verdict was rendered for the plaintiff. The motion for new trial was made and denied, and judgment followed. This appeal is prosecuted by the defendant from that judgment. Two assignments of error are made, (1) that the court erred in denying defendant’s motion for a nonsuit; (2) that the court erred in overruling defendant’s motion for a new trial. In considering the first assignment, we must take the evidence offered in behalf of the plaintiff as the facts in the case. It appears therefrom that the defendant maintains a double-track electric street railway, upon Rainier avenue, from south of Court street north. This avenue extends in a northerly and southerly • direction. On the east side, the avenue was paved or covered with planking sixteen feet in width, for street travel. There were no sidewalks for pedestrians upon either side of the avenue. This planking abutted up to the lower part of the ties of the easterly track of the street railway. The two tracks of the railway were some twelve inches — or possibly more — higher than the planking. Between the two tracks the ground was uneven. On the westerly side of the tracks, the street was not [253] improved or used. It was the custom of pedestrians living south of Court street to use the tracks for travel to the north. On the afternoon of August 4, 1909, the plaintiff intended to go from Court street to the post office, .about a block north. He entered upon the westerly track of the railway. The day was clear and bright and the way was dry. He traveled some forty or sixty feet either between the rails of the westerly track or between the two tracks, when he saw a car coming toward him from the north. He thereupon crossed over to the easterly track. After this car passed, he looked back toward the south, but saw no car upon the easterly track. At that point the cars going south occupied the westerly track and those going north occupied the easterly track. The tracks were level and straight, so that one could see a car from Court street south about nine hundred feet, and north three hundred feet— possibly more. After plaintiff crossed over onto the easterly track, he proceeded to walk north on the track. When he had gone a short distance, probably thirty or forty feet, he heard a shout and a bell, and turning to the right saw a northbound car so close upon him that he did not have time to escape from the track. The car struck him and threw him to the planked part of the street. ' He was rendered unconscious. The car was stopped so that the rear platform of the car was opposite where he lay. There was evidence that the car which struck the plaintiff was running very fast. One witness put the speed at thirty miles per hour. This estimate, we think, was much exaggerated. Counsel for appellant argue that the street car track was of itself a danger signal, and that the plaintiff in using the same as a foot path was obliged to use his senses and keep out of the way of approaching cars. It is no doubt true that the plaintiff was obliged to use his senses, and if he knew or, in the exercise of ordinary care, should have known that a [254] car was coming down upon him, either in front or from behind, it was his duty to avoid danger. The defendant was not a trespasser. He was rightfully in the street and upon the track. And while he was required to use his senses and take notice of the fact that cars were in use upon the street railway tracks, he was not required to use the same degree of care as a man upon a private way or upon a steam railway. Chisholm v. Seattle Elec. Co., 27 Wash. 237, 67 Pac. 601. In that case we said: “It is a well-established rule of law that a pedestrian is not charged with the negligence of street car operators, but that he is justified in basing his calculations and ordering his movements on the assumption that the car will be operated, not only in conformity with local laws regulating it, but with the highest degree of care and a due regard for the safety of the traveling public, who are equally with it entitled to use of the streets.” And in Skinner v. Tacoma R. & Power Co., 46 Wash. 122, 89 Pac. 488, we said: “If the motorman sees a clear track and has no occasion to stop and no reason to anticipate danger to another, it would not be negligence to maintain the usual rate of speed, even over a crossing. But if he sees, or ought to see, persons or vehicles thereon-, not able to get out of his way readily, it would certainly be negligence not to have such control of his car as to be able to stop before reaching such crossing.” We think this rule applies in this case. The plaintiff, according to his testimony, was walking upon the street car track. He got out of the way of a car coming toward him in front. After that car passed by him, he looked down the track behind him and saw no car coming. The car which a little later struck him was no doubt somewhere near the car which had just passed him. The question whether he should have seen this car depends, of course, upon the distance it was away and was, we think, a question for the jury. But certainly, if the plaintiff was walking upon the track [255] with his back to the on-coming car, he was in plain view of the motorman, who must have seen him. No doubt the motorman had a right to suppose that the plaintiff would clear-the way for the car before the car reached him, but it was the duty of the motorman to give some alarm so as to call the attention of a man of ordinary senses upon the track to the fact that the car was approaching him. In other words, the motorman would not be justified in running down a pedestrian without some warning in time for the pedestrian to escape. Appellant relies upon Fluhart v. Seattle Elec. Co., 65 Wash. 291, 118 Pac. 51; Helliesen v. Seattle Elec. Co., 56 Wash. 278, 105 Pac. 458; Coats v. Seattle Elec. Co., 39 Wash. 386, 81 Pac. 830, and other cases of that character. These were all crossing cases where the injured parties placed themselves immediately in front of cars which were known, or should have been known, to be approaching. These cases are entirely different from this, because here, if the plaintiff’s story is true, he was run down without warning given in time for escape and without knowledge of the approach of the car. We think the questions of negligence of the defendant and of the plaintiff were for the jury. Appellant argues upon the second assignment of error that the whole evidence shows that the plaintiff is not entitled to recover, and therefore the court should have granted a new trial. The evidence on behalf of the defendant tends to show that the plaintiff was returning from the post office instead of going there; that he was traveling south instead of north; that he was walking upon the planked part of the street to the east of the east railway track, facing the oncoming car, in a place of perfect safety; that just before the car reached him, he turned to his right and attempted to step with his left foot upon the track almost immediately in front of the car; that the bell was sounded and the motorman and a passenger upon the car called loudly to him. The motor was reversed, but plaintiff being so close to the [256] car was struck and injured when there was no opportunity to stop the car. There is ample evidence and circumstances in the record to show that the injury occurred in that way. If it did so occur, the defendant was not liable under the cases cited by appellant and noticed above. This is a case where the jnry must discredit the whole of the evidence on one side or the other, in' so far as it relates to the manner of the injury. If the truth is as related by witnesses for the defendant, plaintiff was clearly not entitled to recover. The question was one for the jury, and the jury having found for the plaintiff, and the trial court having refused to exercise his discretion and grant a new trial, as he might have done, we feel that we are not justified in doing so. The judgment is therefore affirmed. Dunbar, C. J., Parker, Fullerton, and Gose, JJ., concur.