City of Seattle v. Hewetson

Main, J. — The defendant in this case was charged, in the police court of the city of Seattle, with having issued a prescription for whiskey, without having any good reason to believe that the person to whom it was issued was actually sick, or that the liquor was required as medicine.' The trial in the police court resulted in a judgment of guilty, and a — 614 — fine of one hundred dollars. From this judgment, an appeal was taken to the superior court. There, the trial resulted in a verdict of guilty. From the judgment entered upon the verdict, the appeal is prosecuted. The first assignment of error is that there was not sufficient evidence to justify the submission of the question of the guilt of the appellant to a jury. The evidence shows that the Brendel Drug Company was conducting a drug store at 117 Yesler Way, in the city of Seattle; that the appellant, a licensed physician, had an office in the back part of the room occupied by the drug store; that the office could be entered by a door from the portion of the building used for the drug store; that, on the evening of February 19, 1916, the complaining witness went to the appellant for the purpose of getting a prescription for liquor; that he entered through the drug store, found seven or eight persons standing in line, waiting for similar prescriptions, and, when his turn came, said to the appellant that he had a cold, or a bad cold; that, thereupon, the appellant inquired of him if he would like a little stimulant, and the complaining witness said “yes;” that, before receiving the prescription, the complaining witness was required to sign a statement, as follows: “I, the undersigned, do declare that the prescription written for me by Dr. J. W. Hewetson for intoxicating liquor on this date, is for medical purposes; that I am sick and in need of medicine and will take the same according to directions. Dated this 19th day of February, 1916. M. W. Palmer, 135 N. 75th St.” That there was no examination of the complaining witness as to his physical condition. The evidence further shows that the record book and the prescription file at the Brendel Drug Store disclosed that, on February 19th, 164 prescriptions for liquor had been filled; on February 18th, 103; on February 17th, 105; and, on February 16th, 83; and that most of these prescriptions had been written by the — 615 — appellant. It was admitted, upon the trial, that any one “could get a prescription for intoxicating liquor unless he refused to sign one of these statements,” and that the appellant had “for the past two years written prescriptions free of charge.” There was some evidence as to the number of persons standing in line waiting to have prescriptions written on other occasions than the one above referred to. Under this evidence, and other details that appear in the testimony, the question whether the appellant had ground to believe that the person to whom he issued the prescription was actually sick, or that liquor was required as medicine, was for the determination of the jury. It could not be held, as a matter of law, on such evidence, that the respondent had failed to prove that the appellant, when he issued the prescription for which he was being tried, did not have good reason to believe that the person to whom it was issued was actually sick, and that the liquor was required as medicine. The next point is that the ordinance under which the charge was laid was void, for two reasons: First, because the city had no authority to pass it at the time of its enactment ; and, second, that, even if the city then had such power, at the time the offense was alleged to have been committed the city ordinance had been superseded by chapter 2, p. 2, Laws of 1915 (Rem. Code, § 6262-1 et seq.), generally re1 ferred to as initiative measure No. 3. The ordinance was enacted on December 1, 1915. By § 10 of art. 9 of the constitution, any city of the first class has power to frame a charter for its own government, consistent with and subject to the constitution and laws of the state. By § 11, a city may make and enforce within its limits all such local, police, sanitary, and other regulations as are not in conflict with general laws. Section 7507, Rem. Code, enumerates powers of a city of the first class. By subdivision 32 thereof, such city has power to regulate the sale or giving away of intoxicating liquors; by subdivision 33, to grant li — 616 — censes for lawful purposes; by subdivision Si, to regulate the .carrying on within its corporate limits of occupations which are of such a nature as to affect the health or the good order of the city. The obj ection urged against the ordinance in this connection is that it is a prohibitory, and not a regulative, ordinance, and therefore it was beyond the power of the city to pass it, because the city had power only to regulate, and not to prohibit. Whether the sections of the ordinance other than those which refer to the issuance of prescriptions for intoxicating liquor are prohibitory, or not, is a matter in which we are not now concerned. The provisions of the ordinance under which the appellant is charged cannot be said to be prohibitory, and even though some sections of the ordinance might be void, it would not destroy the efficacy of those under which the charge is laid. Shook v. Sexton, 37 Wash. 509, 79 Pac. 1093. Even though the ordinance did imply some degree of restraint and prohibition, it was yet a regulative, and not a prohibitory, ordinance. Tacoma v. Keisel, 68 Wash. 685, 124 Pac. 137, 40 L. R. A. (N. S.) 757. It is not to be understood from what has been said that we hold that the city, at the time the ordinance was passed, did not have power to pass a prohibitory ordinance. Upon this question, no opinion is expressed. The sections of the ordinance which the appellant was charged with violating are regulative in their nature, and in passing such an ordinance, the city acted within its power. The second reason urged against the ordinance is that the state, by the passage of initiative measure No. 3 (Rem. Code, § 6262-1 et seq.), expressed an intention of removing the subject of intoxicating liquors from the control of municipalities. It will certainly be admitted that legislation relating to the sale of intoxicating liquors is an exercise of the police power. The fact that there is state legislation relating to the sale of intoxicating liquor does not deprive the city of the power to,legislate upon the same subject, so — 617 — long as the city ordinance does not conflict with the general law of the state, unless the state act should show, upon its face, that it was intended to be exclusive. Seattle v. Chin Let, 19 Wash. 38, 52 Pac. 324; Seattle v. McDonald, 47 Wash. 298, 91 Pac. 952, 17 L. R. A. (N. S.) 49; State v. Hagimori, 57 Wash. 623, 107 Pac. 855; Spokane v. Spokane & Inland Empire R. Co., 75 Wash. 651, 135 Pac. 636; Seattle Electric Co. v. Seattle, 78 Wash. 203, 138 Pac. 892. From an examination of initiative measure No. 3, we do not find any provision therein with which the ordinance in question conflicts. Neither do we think that the act was intended to be exclusive, and deny to the municipalities of the state power to enact ordinances relating to the same subj ectmatter, so long as such ordinances were not in conflict with the provisions of the state act. In other words, there is nothing in the act to indicate that municipalities shall not have power to pass ordinances relating to the sale of intoxicating liquors so long as such ordinances are not out of harmony with the state statute. The next contention is that the court erred in admitting testimony relating to prescriptions other than the issuance of the Palmer prescription, upon which the charge of which the appellant was convicted was laid. The rule is that, in cases of this character, such evidence is competent. The real issue in such a case is whether the prescription was given in good faith, and, as bearing upon this question, the number of prescriptions given by the accused, within a specified time, for intoxicating liquor, to various persons, as found on the file of the druggist, in whose store the appellant kept his office, is competent. Lee v. State, 8 Ga. App. 413, 69 S. E. 310; Stanley v. State, 9 Ga. App. 141, 70 S. E. 894; Weatherford v. State, 51 Tex. Cr. 430, 103 S. W. 633; State v. Atkinson, 33 S. C. 100, 11 S. E. 693. In the case last cited on this question, it was said: “The fifth, tenth, and eleventh grounds impute error to the circuit judge in allowing witnesses to be asked as to the — 618 — number of prescriptions given by defendant within a specified time, for intoxicating liquors, to various persons, as found on the files of the druggist in whose store the defendant kept his office. It seems to us that such testimony was clearly competent where the real issue was, as in this case, whether the defendant had bona fide given the prescription upon which the indictment was based to the person therein named, as a patient upon whom he was actually attending as a physician, or whether the whole thing was not pretensive, and a mere device to evade the law.” In the case here for determination, an essential element of the charge was that the appellant issued the prescription without good reason to believe that the person to whom it was issued was actually sick, or that the liquor was required as a medicine. The good faith or intention of the appellant, in writing the prescription, was directly in issue. Under the authorities cited, and many others that might be assembled, the evidence was competent. Finally, it is contended that there was error in the admission of the evidence as to the number of prescriptions for intoxicating liquor which had been written by the appellant upon the day, and a day or two previous to the time, the prescription upon which the charge was based was written. Under the authorities already cited, the evidence was competent. No error can be predicated upon the fact that the testimony upon this question was by witnesses who had examined the record book and the prescription file in the drug store prior to the trial, for two reasons; First, the only objection urged against the oral testimony as to the contents of the book, and the number and contents of the prescriptions, was that it was incompetent, irrelevant, and immaterial. This was not a sufficient objection to preserve the question that the evidence offered was not the best evidence. If the claim was that the evidence was inadmissible because it was secondary, and that no proper foundation had been laid, these objections should have been pointed out to the — 619 — trial court. Liebenthal v. Price, 8 Wash. 206, 35 Pac. 1078; State v. Spangler, 92 Wash. 636, 159 Pac. 810. The other reason why the objection to the testimony is not well taken is because every reasonable effort, by means of a subpoena duces tecum, had been made to have the record book and the prescriptions brought into court. The judgment will be affirmed. Ellis, C. J., Chadwick, and Webster, JJ., concur.