Jackson v. Harris

DEEW, J. Plaintiff alleged ownership of a certain 40-acre tract of land and the possession of same, and alleged that defendants were slandering his title by having sold timber on the land and claiming ownership by .virtue of a partition proceeding, and, further, by threatening to sue him for the rent of said land. He prayed that his title be recognized, that the act of partition be held as without effect as to- him, and for the timber sale to be held a simulation, and further for damages in the sum of $250 for slander of title. Defendants answered denying the allegations of the petition in main, admitting the sale of the timber and having partitioned the land, and in reconvention they pray for judgment for the use of the land by plaintiff during the years 1927 and 1928 in the sum of $5 per acre, or $110. The trial of the case in the lower court resulted in judgment recognizing plaintiff as the owner of the land in question, less the mineral rights thereunder. Defendants appealed, and plaintiff answered the appeal praying that the judgment of the lower court be. amended by decreeing him the owner of the land and minerals. This court on the 16th day of July, 1931, rendered judgment reversing the judgment of [656] the lower court, rejecting the demands of plaintiff, and rendering judgment in favor of the defendants,.and against the plaintiff on the reeonventional demand in the sum of $66, with legal interest from judicial demand until paid. Plaintiff applied for a rehearing on that part' of the judgment of this court wherein there was judgment for defendants on the re-eonventional demand, and a rehearing was granted on that question alone. The only question to determine is: Was plaintiff in legal good faith or not? Plaintiff’s claim of ownership of the land in controversy was based on the following: “Benson, La., October 25,1925. “Received from Archie Jackson in full payment on land ($600.00) Six Hundred Dollars “to N. M. Hale.” It is apparent on the very face of the above instrument that it did not convey title to plaintiff of the land he claims to have possessed as owner in good faith. The above instrument was not sufficient in terms to transfer the property claimed by plaintiff, although the signer of said instrument had good title to the land and plaintiff could not have had the benefit of the ten-year prescription under said instrument. Article 503 of the Revised Civil Code defines a bona fide possessor as one “who possesses as owner by virtue of an act [meaning a title] sufficient in terms to transfer property, the defects of which [title] he was ignorant of.” Land Dev. Co. v. Schulz, 169 La. 1, 124 So. 125. A person cannot have just reason to believe himself the master of a thing who possesses by virtue of a title defective on its face. Ignorance of the fact that the vendor was not the true owner under a title on its face trans-lative of property would be a possessor in good faith, but ignorance of the law that the title is defective when the title deed is defective on its face is not possession in legal good faith. McDade v. Bossier Levee Bd., 109 La. 625, 33 So. 628; Heirs of Dohan v. Murdock, 41 La. Ann. 494, 6 So. 131; Wells v. Blackman, 121 La. 394, 46 So. 437; Jackson v. Shaw, 151 La. 795, 92 So. 339; Industrial Lumber Co. v. Fargue, 162 La. 793, 111 So. 166; Land Dev. Co. v. Schulz, 169 La. 1, 124 So. 125. Plaintiff relies on the case of Miller v. Shumaker, 42 La. Ann. 398, 7 So. 450, 457. This case is not in point. In that case the husband went into possession of certain property belonging to his wife, which had been left to him by her under a will. The will was declared a nullity for the reason that it did not show on its face that it was written by the notary public. The court held that the husband did not owe rents and revenues because he was a possessor in good faith believing himself to be master of the thing under the will. The court in that ease said: “The defendant was in possession of the property, not merely by virtue of the will by which it was bequeathed to him, but of a judicial decree, which ordered ‘that its provisions be executed.’ Neither the will, nor the decree made to carry it out, were absolute nullities; for their validity could have been acquiesced in, expressly or impliedly, as being in favor of private individuals. “By the lapse of time, five years (Rev. Civil Code, art. 3542), an action to annul it would have been barred.” He also relies on the case of Pecot v. Prevost, 117 La. 765, 42 So. 263. A careful reading of that case will disclose that the defendant held the property under a title correctly describing the property and without any defects apparent on its face (see page 775, last paragraph, first column of 117 La., 42 So. 266). Davis et al. v. Moore, 156 La. 488, 100 So. 691, relied upon by plaintiff, is not in point. The suit was one of boundary in which the boundary had never been fixed. Land Development Co. v. Schulz, 169 La. 1, 124 So. 125, we think holds to the view we have expressed in this opinion, and Glass v. Ives, 169 La. 809, 126 So. 69, cited by plaintiff, is not in point. Defendant, in the latter case, was held to be the true owner of the property, and the court said: “Civ. Code arts. 508 and 3453, pertaining to the rights of a possessor in good faith when evicted by the true owner of the property, held inapplicable where the possessor was evicted by holder of mortgage recorded previous to the possessor’s acquiring title to the property.” In this case there was much parol testimony offered over objection of counsel for defendant to prove title in plaintiff, and this, court held it was not admissible for that purpose. It might, however, be admissible on the question of good faith of the plaintiff, and, if so considered, it clearly shows by the testimony of plaintiff himself that he knew at the time he took the receipt relied upon by him to make out his title, that he was not receiving a deed, but was promised a deed to the property in dispute at a later date. If ignorance of the law could be an excuse, it would be of no aid to plaintiff, for he actually knew he did not have a title (deed) to the property. We find no error in the former judgment of this court, and it is therefore ordered, adjudged, and decreed that the same be reinstated.