Claiborne v. Birge

Moore, Associate Justice. The court instructed the jury that any agreement between Claiborne, the assignee of the notes, and Urquhart, the principal debtor, subsequent to their execution, for the payment of a higher rate of interest than that expressed in the notes, “was such an alteration of the original contract as discharges the surety; ” and i-efused to further instruct them, as requested by the plaintiff, that such agreement, unless based on a valid consideration, would not have this effect. It is not pretended that there was any change or alteration of the notes themselves, so that they do not now import the contract originally stipulated and shown by them. But the court evidently supposed the agreement of Urquhart to pay a higher rate of interest, notwithstanding the testimony submitted to the jury tending to prove that there was no consideration to support it, was obligatory and binding upon the parties to it, and that it either discharged and extinguished the contracts evidenced by the notes, or, by substituting a new contract for the old ones in some way, curtailed the rights or increased the hazards and liabilities of the surety. Admitting that the agreement of Urquhart to pay additional interest imports a sufficient consideration to support it in the absence of rebutting evidence, (Pas. Dig.,- art. 9087,) the inference of consideration imported by the instrument, however, is of fact and not of law. Hence it may be rebutted by satisfactory evidence for this purpose. And if it is shown that in truth the agreement was without consideration, it is unnecessary to say that it is entirely nugatory, and can in no way and of itself bind the parties [102] to it, or change the stipulations of the original contract, or affect the rights of the parties to them. It cannot he controverted that there was testimony submitted to the jury tending to prove that the agreement of Urquhart to pay. a higher rate of interest than expressed in the notes was without consideration. It is therefore evident that the court erred in refusing to give the instruction asked by the plaintiff by way of qualification or explanation of the charge given in the first instance. Sureties, beyond all question, can only be held liable to the precise terms of their contract. The liability incurred by them by their contract, and the rights resulting to them from it, can neither be increased nor diminished by any stipulation or agreement entered into between the creditors and principal debtors without their consent. It is equally well settled, however, that no subsequent contract or agreement between the principal debtor and the creditor, which does not alter or vary the liability of the sureties, or in some way affect their rights under the contract, will discharge them. And, as we have already said, this can only be done by a contract founded on a valid consideration. (8 Tex., 67; 4 How., Miss., 687; 11 Wend., 323; 14 Ohio, 386.) From these obvious and fundamental general principles, it follows, and is universally held, that a binding agreement for extending the time, however short, for payment of the debt, will discharge the surety. On the other hand, mere delay in its collection, a promise to give timé not based on an adequate consideration, or a promise to forbear its collection indefinite as to time, or an assent to an application for extension of time on the expectation of additional interest, will not release the surety. (4 Leigh, 626; 31 Miss., 664; 4 How., Miss., 691; 12 Wheat., 636; 2 Pars, on Bills and Notes, 546; Chit, on Bills, 379.) The agreement of Urquhart to pay additional interest is the sole ground upon which the surety, Birge, claims [103] that he is released from liability on the notes. This agreement, however, does not disclose the entire contract between thé parties, if, in fact, there was any undertaking or agreement on the part of the creditor. If there was any promise or agreement on his part, what was its terms and stipulations? Unless they are known, how can it be seen that the rights or liabilities of the surety are affected thereby? We may infer, if there was a consideration for Urquhart’s promise to pay additional interest, that it was most probably an agreement of the creditor to give additional time for payment of the notes; and if so, this unquestionably would release the surety. But if the law imports a consideration to support the written agreement to pay a stipulated amount or rate of interest, it does not authorize the jury to infer the nature and character of such consideration. And, unless it is shown by the testimony, neither the court nor jury can say that it affected or interfered with the contract of the surety, either in law or fact. Unless it did, the surety cannot complain. (20 Tex., 123.) It is certainly incumbent upon the surety, who claims that he has been released from the performance of his contract by a subsequent agreement between the creditor and principal debtor, to show a valid and binding contract on the part of the creditor, which in some way interferes with or impairs his rights.- But this surely is not done by proof of a promise made by such principal debtor, which, since the. statute dispensing with scrolls and seals, would support an action without proof of the consideration on which it was made. The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded. Reversed and remanded.