Parker v. Bains

West, Associate Justice.— This is an agreed case under, articles 1413 and 1414, Eevised Statutes. We have concluded to reverse the judgment, and would, if it were possible, in accordance with the usual practice in such cases, here render a final judgment. Hpon an examination, we find we have not sufficient evidence before us to enable us to dispose finally of all the matters in dispute, and therefore the case will be remanded for a new trial. We are induced to come to this conclusion on several grounds. The main question grows out of a struggle between two rival grants (the Charles and the Brookshire), as to which has the better right to the land in suit. The agreed case shows the grant to Brook-shire was issued on the 25th of November, 1835, and the Charles grant on March 25, 1831; that there was actual possession taken by Brookshire of the land within the limits of the grant in 1835, and that possession continued from that date until his death in 1852. It is also agreed that no actual possession was taken by any one of any part whatever of the Charles grant until 1842, and then possession was not taken of the part of it that is in conflict with the Brook-shire. It is also conceded that these grants conflict to the extent of eight hundred and fifty acres, being the land in suit. It is also ad17 mi tied that no corporeal possession was taken of the part of the land in conflict by any one until 1850, when an actual entry was for the first time made, on a part of it by the appellee Cooper, holding under Brookshire. The actual pedal possession of Brookshire, which commenced in 1835, was under his grant, but neither he nor any tenant of his ever had actual possession of the land within the lap or conflict. Xo actual corporeal possession under the Charles grant of any portion of that grant was had until the year 1842, and then the actual possession was not taken of that portion of the Charles grant embraced within the limits of the conflict. It must be conceded, without discussing now what was the legal effect of the character of possession held by Brookshire up to 1842, upon the right of Charles or his vendees to the land embraced in the conflict, that this species of adverse possession, whatever its character may be, was put an end to under the facts as now presented, by the actual entry of Charles or his grantees under him in 1842. In this aspect of the case, it becomes very important to consider the nature and character of the Brookshire grant. For it is plain that the ten years’ statute of limitation can have no application to the case as disclosed in this record. Xor does the proof now before us sustain the plea of limitation of five years. The junior grant, it is admitted, was issued on the 25th of November, 1835. It has been held that the act of the consultation closing the land offices took effect immediately on its passage, which was on the 13th day of November, 1835. Donaldson v. Dodd, 12 Tex., 381; Edgar v. Galveston City Co., 21 Tex., 302; Plans and Powers of Provisional Government of Republic of Texas, art. XIV; Jones v. Menard, 1 Tex., 789; Constitution of Republic, General Provisions, sec. 10; Const. of 1845, art. VII, sec. 21; Const. of 1876, art. XIII, sec. 5. The Brookshire grant was then, by reason of its date, a grant void on its face, and this court has held that actual possession under such a grant will not be sufficient to support the plea of limitation under our statute, prescribing, under certain circumstances, the period of three years .as sufficient to complete the bar. 1 Pasch. Dig. of Laws, art. 4622, and note 1031, p. 767; Marsh v. Weir, 21 Tex., 110; Smith v. Power, 23 Tex., 33, 34; Lambert v. Weir, 27 Tex., 364; Whitehead v. Foley, 28 Tex., 1. For these reasons the judgment below must be reversed. In view of another trial, it may be proper to make a remark as to the character of the adverse possession shown under the grant to Brookshire. Appellants’ counsel have invited our attention to the case of Pey [18] ton v. Barton, 53 Tex., 298, in connection with the question of adverse possession under the Brookshire grant. We do not understand that case to have in effect overruled Jones v. Menard, 1 Tex., 771, or to have announced in direct terms an entirely new and different rule, or to be necessarily in conflict with the views of this court as expressed in Hays v. Barrera, 26 Tex., 81, 82; Charle v. Saffold, 13 Tex., 91; Ballard v. Perry, 28 Tex., 31, and perhaps other cases bearing on the question of disseizin and adverse possession. It was only there held that under the agreed facts of that case, there being no actual possession of the part of the land in conflict with the older grant, being the Basquez grant, that the possession of Barton, he not actually residing on the land within the limits of the conflict, though it (the land in conflict) was within the boundaries named in his deed, did not amount to a disseizin of the true owner. This seems to be the extent of that decision. The court expressly confine their opinion on the question, as to what will amount to a disseizin of the owner, to the particular facts of the agreed case then before them. On this point the court is careful to say: “ But it does not, in the present case, become necessary to enter upon the question, what acts would be sufficient to amount to disseizin of the true owner where there is an adverse possession under the junior title, but not upon that part of the land within the partial conflict or interference of two surveys.” Peyton v. Barton, 53 Tex., 304. From the facts in Hunnicutt v. Peyton, 102 U. S., 368, 369, in relation to the same (Basquez) grant, there seems to have been at some early day actual possession of that grant. In that case' the court cite with marked approval Clarke’s Lessee v. Courtney, 5 Pet., 319, which was much relied on in Jones v. Menard, 1 Tex., 771. It is unnecessary, and would be perhaps improper, in the present attitude of the case before us, to say anything on the difficult question as to what will, in the case in hand, amount to a disseizin of the rightful owner. As to whether or not the open sale by Brook-shire in 1810 to William Walker of three hundred and twenty acres of the land" in conflict amounted to a disseizin of the true owner, who was not then in the actual possession of any part of the conflict, need not now be considered. It was, however, an unmistakable assertion of right over that portion of the Charles grant that was in conflict with the Brookshire. See R. S., art. 3198, as to adverse possession. Whitehead v. Foley, 28 Tex., 268; Wood on Limitation of Actions, secs. 261-267; Nearhoff v. Addlena, 31 Pa., 279; Semple v. Cook, 50 Cal., 26. [19] It may be, however, that on another trial additional evidence bearing on the question of ouster and adverse possession will be introduced by both parties, that will put the question in a different light from that in which it is now presented. Argotsinger v. Vines, 82 N. Y., 308; Thompson v. Burhaus, 79 N. Y., p. 97. It is proper to say, in justice to the judge who tried the case below, that it is possible that the actual date of the Brookshire grant as exhibited to him on the trial may have been different from the date disclosed by the record before us, and this difference in dates may be the result of inadvertence in preparing the statement of facts, or may be a clerical error. The date given in the pleadings to the Charles grant is also different from that given in the statement of facts. It is possible that the exact date of neither grant is stated with entire accuracy in the agréed case. The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded. [Opinion delivered February 23, 1883.] Reversed and remanded.