Kauffman v. Wooters

STAYTON, Chief Justice. This action was brought against Julius Kauffman, Sr., on April 2, 1874, to recover the value of cotton hypothecated with him by Dublé & Wooters to secure a loan. The cotton belonged to J. 0. Wooters & Co., but was shipped abroad and sold by Kauffman, then doing business in the name of Kauffman & Ruuge, this being done under authority from Dublé & Wooters, to whom the cotton had been consigned by J. C. Wooters & Co. for the purpose of sale in this market. The action pending, on January 17, 1880, Julius Kauffman, Sr., died testate, and by the terms of his will all of his estate, wheresoever situated, passed to Mrs. Clara Kauffman, his widow. On January 25, 1884, a petition was filed in the cause making Mrs. Kauffman and Julius Kauffman, the only child of herself and Julius Kauffman, Sr.., parties defendant. That petition was amended on October 5, 1885, but the averments of the two petitions are substantially the same in so far as they state facts to show the liability of Mrs. Kauffman and her son Julius. That amendment alleges that “ Clara Kauffman is the widow and sole devisee and legatee of said Julius Kauffman, deceased, and is in the possession, use, and enjoyment of a large amount of property of the estate of her said deceased husband not exempt from the payment of his debts, devised and bequeathed to her by his last will and testament, and of the proceeds of such property so devised and bequeathed to her; and that the said defendant Julius Kauffman is the son of the said Julius Kauffman, deceased, and of the said Clara Kauffman, and is in the possession, use, and enjoyment of a large amount of property of the estate of his said deceased father not exempt as aforesaid, heretofore given to him by his said mother, and of the proceeds of such property so given to him as 'aforesaid.” The petition made a copy of the will of Julius Kauffman, Sr., an exhibit. The petition then alleged that the-will appointed three persons named the executors of the will in Texas, and that Mrs. Kauffman was made executrix of the will in Germany, the testator having estate in both countries; that the will provided no action should be had in the courts other the probate of the will and return of an inventory, the executors not to be required to give bond; that the will was probated and the appoint•rnent of executors confirmed; that the executors named qualified, took possession of the estate, and returned an inventory, which was made an exhibit, and showed an estate in Texas consisting of property, real and personal, amounting in value to $396,392. The will provided that Mrs. Kauffman, by power of attorney, might — 210 — take the estate out of the hands of the three Texas executors if she saw proper to do so, or might take charge of it herself; that in September, 1880, she availed herself of this right, and by her power of attorney “did transfer, .make over, and assign and request * * * Texas executors as aforesaid, to transfer and assign to said defendant Julius Kaufman all the real and personal estate and dioses in action which by said will she might be authorized to do, and made and appointed said defendant Julius Kauffman her agent and attorney to act for her and in her name, place, and stead in all matters of the estate of said Julius Kauffman, deceased, with power to sell and convey all her interest therein, with full power of substitution, * * * and that thereby said Clara Kauffman took said estate and the administration thereof out of the hands of said * * * executors as aforesaid, and vested the same and the management and control thereof in the said defendant Julius Kauffman,” whereupon the executors resigned and relinquished “ unto the said Clara Kauffman and said defendant Julius Kauffman all their rights as executors in said estate,” and notified all persons thereof; “ and that there has not since been any legal representation of said estate, but that the same in the manner aforesaid passed into the hands, possession, and control of said Clara Kauffman, who as sole devisee thereof received and took the same charged with and liable and subject to the debts of said Julius Kauffman deceased; that the estate * * * in Texas not exempt by law from forced sale or for the payment of debts so received and taken by her greatly exceeded in value.all claims against said estate, including the amount sued for herein, and was and is assets in her hands charged with and liable and subject to payment of said debts. “And plaintiff further says that after the said Clara Kauffman had so received and taken said estate and property, and the title, possession, and control thereof as aforesaid, and while the same was so charged, liable, and subject as aforesaid, she conveyed, transferred, assigned, and delivered, without any valuable consideration therefor, a large portion thereof situated in said State of Texas, greatly exceeding in value the amount sued for herein, to the said Julius Kauffman, who took and received the same from her charged with and liable and subject to the payment of said debts of said Julius Kauffman, deceased, * * * well knowing the same to he so charged, liable, and subject; and said plaintiff charges that said defendants Clara Kauffman and Julius Kauffman, in manner and form as aforesaid, have confederated together with intent to obstruct, hinder, and delay the said plaintiff as a creditor of said Julius Kauffman, deceased, in the collection of his just claim against said estate.” There was prayer for judgment against both defendants for the cotton or its value, and a judgment was rendered against them for $20,135.64. Ho question is raised on this appeal as to the sufficiency of the evidence to show that Julius Kauffman, Sr., was liable for the value of the cotton, — 211 — nor can there be any question of the sufficiency of the pleadings and evidence to justify a judgment against Mrs. Kauffman. That the court had .acquired jurisdiction as to her was held on a former appeal. Mrs. Kauffman received the estate of her husband liable to the payment ■of his debts in her hands just as it had been in his, but creditors had no lien upon it. Sayles’ Civ. Stats., art. 1817; Mayes v. Jones, 62 Texas, 365; Webster v. Willis, 56 Texas, 468. Persons having claims against an estate administered under a will without the Probate Court by executor not required to give bond, may require those interested in an estate as devisees, legatees, or heirs to give bond as provided by statute, on which suit to recover sums due may be maintained, ■and in default of such a bond may force an administration. Sayles’ Civ. Stats., arts. 1949-1952. This remedy, however, is not exclusive, and by reception of the estate Mrs. Kauffman became as much liable for debts to the extent of the value ■of debt-paying assets of the estate received as she and bondsmen would have been had she executed bond, the sole purpose of which is security to ■creditors. 'She became liable because as devisee and legatee she received property liable to payment of debts. Julius Kauffman filed a general demurrer to the petition, and further ■questioned its sufficiency on the ground that it did not aver that he as heir, devisee, or legatee had received any part of the estate of his father, •or that in either of these characters he held possession of any part of the estate. These demurrers were overruled. It is very clear that the petition does not aver that as heir, devisee, or legatee he received any part of the estate of his deceased father. On the contrary, it avers that Mrs. Kauffman was sole devisee and legatee, and a copy of the will was made an exhibit, which shows that the averment was true. The averment is that he received as a gift from his mother “a large amount of property of the estate of his deceased father ” not exempt from sale for payment of debts, and that “she conveyed, transferred, assigned, and delivered, without any valuable consideration therefor, a large portion thereof situated in said State of Texas, greatly exceeding in value the amount sued for herein, to the said defendant Julius Kauffman, who took and received the same from her charged with and liable and subject to the payment of said debts of said Julius Kauffman, deceased, well knowing,” etc. There is no averment that he agreed to pay debts in consideration of the conveyance to him, and when it is said that he received property charged with payment of debts we are to understand the pleader'to mean that property received by him as a gift from his mother fixed upon him the same liability that would have existed had he received the same property as devisee, legatee, or heir. — 212 — The demurrer filed by Julius Kauffman questioning the correctness of this proposition was overruled, and the charge of the court, in effect, informed the jury that he washable to appellee if he received property from his mother which came to her through the will of his father in value equal to sum due appellee. If this be not the law the judgment must be reversed as to Julius Kauffman. When Mrs. Kauffman received the estate of her husband she made herself liable for debts of the estate to the extent of assets subject to payment of debts received by her. To that extent she became a debtor, and the property in her hands liable to sale for payment, as was it in the hands of her husband. Her dominion oyer that property after the executors resigned was as complete as was that of her husband during his life. She could sell it, and title would pass freed from the claims of creditors. She could give it away, subject only to the restriction that thereby creditors to whom she had been responsible were not defrauded. Any disposition she might make of it would be valid, if the same disposition would have beeu valid if made by her husbaud. If the gifts made to Julius Kauffman by his mother would not have been fraudulent as to creditors had they been made by the father, then they were not fraudulent when made by the mother. It is not unlawful for a parent to make a gift to a child, and no creditor has right to complain that this is done if the parent retains ample property to satisfy the claims of all -creditors. Plaintiff alleges that Mrs. Kauffman received under the will of her husband an estate situated in this State- aggregating in value $396,392, exclusive of some accumulations of interest on notes, bonds, and like interest bearing securities; but his petition may be searched throughout and no averment will be found that of this a sum much larger than necessary to meet all claims against the estate did not remain in her hands after the • gift.to her son.' The amount of the gift to him was not alleged, but it was said to be largely more than the sum due to plaintiff, which is less than $21,000. If Julius Kauffman is liable to plaintiff at all, it is not because he has received a part of the estate from his mother by way of gift, but because he received so much of the estate through a voluntary conveyance that there was not ample left in the hands of his mother to meet the claims of creditors. The law does not presume that such a state of facts existed, and a petition seeking to show that Julius Kauffman was liable to appellee for the debt of his father which did not state facts showing that the gift from his mother to him was fraudulent as to creditors was insufficient on general demurrer. The only fair inference from the facts stated in the petition is that Mrs. Kauffman retained of the. estate in Texas more than — 213 — ’sufficient to meet all debts. Ho claim against the estate other than that sued on is shown to have existed. There seems to have been an estate in Germany as well as in Texas. He was not liable as he would have been had he received the property as heir, devisee, or legatee, and when it was shown by the petition that he did not so receive it,- it was incumbent on appellee to allege the facts that would render him liable. The general demurrer filed by Julius Kauffman, as well as demurrer numbered “1,” should have been sustained to so much of the petition as sought to hold him liable; and the charge of court which assumed that he would be liable if he received property formerly belonging to his father’s estate, though not as heir, devisee, or legatee, without reference to any other fact than the value of property so received, was erroneous. It is urged that the court erred in assuming in the charge that property received by Julius Kauffman from his mother was a part of the estate she received through the will of his father. We think there was no error in this; for he Stated that he had indirectly received property from the estate in value greater than the sum claimed by appellee, and Mr. Bunge, who was a partner of Julius Kauffman, Sr., at the time of his death, and one of the executors, testified as follows: “I know Mr. Kauffman, Jr. received money by gift from his mother, in the summer of 1880. It approximated $250,000, and was a transfer of an equivalent in cash on our books, to-wit, of firm of Kauffman & Bunge as it then was. It was not a transfer of her interest in the firm of Kauffman & Bunge. Her interest had been liquidated. Mrs. Kauffman gave her son a certain amount of money transferred on our books. What he got was less than his mother’s share in the estate. Mrs. -Kauffman had an amount of money to her credit with the house and she directed that that be transferred to her son. Amount was $250,000. The amount of Julius Kauffman’s interest in the firm of Kauffman & Bunge, acquired by-gift from his mother, is largely in excess of the amount involved in this suit. His mother acquired the same by last will of her husband. “ The property was transferred to Clara Kauffman on the 12th of January, 1881. The property given by Mrs. Kauffman to Julius Kauffman was given on the 1st of July, 1880. It was her own property she was giving; does not know what was Mrs. Kauffman’s share in the estate; the estate in Texas alone was known by him. Mrs. Clara Kauffman gave Julius Kauffman an order for $250,000, which we placed to his credit as cash, and we placed the amount of her individual indebtedness on our books.” “ Q. Then the property transferred to Mr. Julius Kauffman by his mother was property she received from the estate of her deceased husband by virtue of the will he made?” “A. That maybe a correct construction. This transfer was made by' — 214 — Mrs. Kauffman before we transferred the property, and she had a credit with us before. This is my answer made before, and is the correct answer, and the transfer was made to her son on account of her own credit with the house.” Delivered March 21,1890. On re-examination witness stated Mrs. Clara Kauffman had no credit in the house except what she derived from her husband’s will. To the question “ Did she have any credit in that house except what she-derived from her husband’s estate?” the witness answered, “Ho, sir.” This was the evidence on that question, and clearly shows that the gift here spoken of came from property Mrs. Kauffman received through her husband’s will. This evidence, however, was not sufficient to authorize a recovery against him under the facts alleged by appellee. The amended petition filed on January 25,1884, by which Mrs. Kauffman and Julius Kauffman were made parties defendant, based the right of appellee to recover against them on substantially the same facts alleged in the amendment on which the trial was had, and the court informed the jury that the running of the statutes of limitation ceased when the first amended petition was filed. In this there was no error, even though both amendments as to Julius Kauffman were bad on general demurrer. Killebrew v. Stockdale, 51 Texas, 519; Hill v. Clay, 26 Texas, 650; Kinney v. Lee, 10 Texas, 155. Limitation began to run in his favor from the time he received property in gift from his mother, and so continued until January 25, 1884, less such intervening time as he may have been absent from the State; If, excluding that, two years elapsed between the times named, then the-action was barred as to him, but in view of other questions considered we do not feel called upon to examine that question of fact. For the errors noticed the judgment will be reversed and cause remanded, unless appellee shall elect to dismiss his action as to Julius Kauffman, in which event it may be reversed and cause dismissed as to him and affirmed against Mrs. Clara Kauffman. Reversed, and rendered.