Symonds v. Barnes

Appleton, C. J. By the bankrupt act of 1841 the discharge of a bankrupt might be impeached for fraud in any court in which it was pleaded in bar to a pending suit. By the bankrupt act of 1867, § 84, it is enacted, “that a discharge duly granted under this act, shall release the bankrupt from all debts, claims, liabilities, and demands which were or might have been proved against his estate in bankruptcy,” unless his creditors should “see fit to contest the validity "of" said discharge on the ground that it was fraudulently obtained.” This must be done in the court in which it was granted within two years, for some of the fraudulent acts of omission or commission particularly set forth in § 29. Such was the construction given by this court to the act in Corey v. Ripley, 57 Maine, 69, and upon examining the debates, when the bill was under discussion, it will be seen that the effect there given to the discharge, unless set aside and annulled by the federal court granting it, was in strict conformity with the intention of congress. The defendant pleads a discharge. It is in due form'of law. “ An order of discharge will be sufficient evidence of bankruptcy and [193] of tlie validity of the proceedings thereon.” Robson, Law of Bankruptcy, 458. The order proves itself. 1 Deacon on Bankruptcy, 800. The plaintiff replies that his claim was omitted in the schedule of debts sworn to by the defendant. If the bankrupt “ has willfully sworn falsely in his affidavit annexed to his . . . schedule or inventory,” the court, granting the discharge, may, upon proceedings duly had before it, “ set aside and annul the same.” But the plea contains no allegation of fraudulent conduct or willful false swearing. The court granting the discharge would not be authorized by the act “ to set aside or annul the same.” Much less would any other court. Under the act of 1841 it was held, that a plaintiff could not avoid a discharge of his bankrupt debtor by merely showing that the defendant, in his petition in bankruptcy, omitted to insert the plaintiff’s name, etc., to the sworn list of creditors, and that by reason of such omission, the plaintiff had no notice of the proceedings in bankruptcy, and could neither prove his claims against the defendant nor oppose his discharge. To avoid the discharge, by reason of such omission, it must be shown to be willful and fraudulent. Burnside v. Brigham, 8 Met. 75; Mitchell v. Singletary, 19 Ohio, 210. The accidental omission of a creditor’s name in the schedule of indebtedness is not made a ground for annulling and setting aside a discharge. The omission, to have that effect, must be fraudulent. The affidavit annexed to the schedule must be willfully false. Indeed, the act assumes that the schedule of debts may not be complete, for by § 11, the marshal is directed to serve “written or printed notice, by mail or personally, on all creditors upon the schedule filed with the debtor’s petition, or whose names may be given to him in addition by the debtor.” Exceptions overruled. Kent, WaltoN, Barrows, and DaNforth, JJ., concurred. Tapley, «L, concurred in the result.