State v. Consolidated European & North American Railway Co.

Peters, J. The Consolidated European and North American Railway Company is indicted for causing the death of Jasper A. Roberts through the alleged negligence of its servants and agents in operating the road. It is conceded, that, at the time of the accident occasioning the death, the railroad corporation was not in the possession of the road. The mortgagees of the road were in the possession of it, having the entire management and control. The question is, whether under such circumstances, the railroad corporation can be made responsible for the forfeiture or- damages which the statute imposes for such loss of life. Our judgment is that the indictment cannot be sustained. The statute is this: “Any railroad corporation, by whose negligence or carelessness, or by that of its servants or agents while employed in its business, the life of any person, in the exercise of due diligence, is lost, forfeits not less than five hundred nor more than five thousand dollars, to be recovered by indictment [481] found within one year, wholly to the use of his widow, if no children ; and to the children, if no widow; if both, to her and them equally; if neither, to his heirs.” Obviously enough, these provisions do not touch the respondents. They then had no business upon the road. They had no servants or agents connected with the road. The employees engaged in running the road were entirely independent of the corporation and free from its control. The corporation had no more participation in the affairs and direction of the road than the deceased had. Certainly, the mortgagees were not the agents of the mortgagers. Here the mortgagees were principals. An agent is presumed to be under some control of his superior. The mortgagees were under no control, of any kind, of the corporation. The word “agent,” coupled with the word “servant,” is presumed to .have a meaning somewhat ejusdem generis. In the earliest statute on the subject, (c. TO, Laws of 1848) the servant or agent is declared to be “the person having charge of the locomotivo engine ... or the conductor or other person having charge of any car or train of cars on the road.” By the act of 1855, (c. 161, §§ 1 and 2) the statutory provision was remodeled and its terms extended so as to embrace other common carriers, and imposing upon railroad corporations precisely the same liability it did upon the proprietors of steamboats and stage coaches. Would any one contend that a mortgager of a steamboat or stage coach was liable for the negligence of a mortgagee in the management of the property, the mortgagee having the entire direction and control ? In strictly civil suits, it would not now-a-days be pretended that a mortgager, out of possession and control of property real or personal, could be held for the acts of the mortgagee who is in the possession of such property and has an independent control of it. The maxim respondeat superior does not apply. This doctrine is well illustrated in many modern cases. We cite a few pointed cases which are particularly pertinent to the positions assumed in the case at bar. Eaton v. Eu. & N. A. R. Co. 59 Maine, 520, 526. Mahoney v. At. & St. Law. R. R. Co. 63 Maine, 68. Fletcher v. Boston & M. Railroad, 1 Allen, 9. Ballou [482] v. Farnum, 9 Allen, 47. Conners v. Hennessey, 112 Mass. 96. Sprague v. Smith, 29 Vt. 421. Why should a different rule fix the rights of the parties under this indictment? It is admitted, in all the discussions upon this and similar statutes, that the remedy here sought for, although criminal in form, is in all its incidents a civil process. Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine furnish the remedy in the form of an indictment. New York and other states allow essentially the same prosecution to be carried on by means of a special action of the case in the name of an administrator of the deceased. The case State v. Grand Trunk Railway, 58 Maine, 176, decides, for very satisfactory reasons, that the same rules of evidence and the same rules of law should be applied in prosecutions of this kind as in analogous civil actions for damages. The forfeiture is recoverable rather as damages than punishment. There would be no forfeiture where the deceased leaves no widow nor children nor heirs. See State v. Gilmore, 24 N. H. 461, 472. This corporation cannot be held. And, for the act alleged, as the statute stands, we do not see how any person or party can be. Indictment, by agreement, to be quashed. . Appleton, C. J., Dickerson, Daneorth, Yirgin and Libbey, JJ., concurred.