Ruggles v. Berry

Barrows, J. There are two objections to the maintenance of this process against the defendants as bail for Moses Call, in the suit originally brought by the plaintiff’s testator against him,— either of which we think must be regarded as fatal. I. It is incumbent upon those who would avail themselves of a statute remedy to make it appear that the requirements of the statute have been strictly observed in all essential particulars. Chapter 85, of the Eevised Statutes of 1871, consists of regulations for the taking of bail in civil actions and for the subsequent proceedings thereon. It is under and by virtue of its provisions that "the original creditor may have a writ of scire facias in his own name, from the same court against the bail.” This process supersedes and precludes any other remedy upon the bail bond given to the officer making the arrest. Hewins v. Currier, 62 Maine, 236. But to entitle the original creditor to maintain it, we think it should be made to appear that the mandate in § 1, that" the bond shall be returned with the writ, and the clerk shall note on the writ that a bail bond is so filed,” has been performed. Not only does the report fail to show that these requirements of the statute [266] were observed, but there is pregnant evidence that they were wholly neglected. It is a significant circumstance that upon the first execution issued in the original case of Ruggles, Ex’x, v. Call, the notice to bail was given to Berry and one George W. Philbrick, as the sureties of Call upon the bail bond, and no notice was given to Wyman, the co-defendant with Berry in this process, except upon an alias execution issued several months later. It is hardly possible that this should have occurred if the bail bond had been duly returned, and noted by the clerk. Had this been done, it is reasonable to suppose that "the names of the bail, their addition and place -of abode if inserted in the bail bond,” would have been placed by the clerk on the margin of the execution as directed by § 5, and no such mistake as calling upon one who never became bail, would have been made. The learned counsel for the plaintiff claims that these defects do not exonerate the bail, — that the provisions in § § 1 and 5 are directory merely, and intended for the benefit of the plaintiff only, in order that his officer may more readily learn upon whom to serve notice, and that the sureties on the bail bond cannot be harmed by the neglect. This view is plausible rather than sound. We think the provisions in the first section which were violated in the present case, were introduced for the benefit and protection of the bail and the officer making the arrest as well as of the plaintiff, and were intended, to borrow the phrase used by Mellen, C. J., respecting another provision in Holmes v. Chadbourn, 4 Maine, 13, — "to guard them against any improper management on the part of a creditor with a view to implicate them.” Among the objects which those provisions were obviously designed to secure, was facility in the making of the necessary proofs to satisfy the court, and obtain the proper record in cases of surrender of the principal under § § 7 and 8 — as to which the bail might be embarrassed if the plaintiff could, without endangering his own security, pocket the original writ and bond leaving no trace of them in the entries by the clerk under the suit, or on the files of the court. And the bail are entitled to like facilities for the procurement of the copies called for in § 4, in cases of surrender within fifteen days before the entry of the action. Another end to [267] be gained by having the bond returned with the writ and noted by the clerk, is suggested by the reasoning of the court in Bean v. Parker, (a leading and instructive case upon this topic,) 17 Mass. 591, 604. If the bail wish to arrest the principal at a distance from home — in another State, it may be — how else can they so conveniently procure evidence of the fact that they are his bail ? The bail and the officer have as great an interest in the observance of these provisions, as the plaintiff in the action. In fine, under our system, the taking of bail and the matters operating to fix, or discharge the sureties, are made so much the subject of statute regulation, that we think the creditor, to entitle himself to the benefit of the security, must see to it that the bond is returned into court with the writ and that the clerk makes the proper note on the writ as required in chap. 85, § 1. II. The plaintiff took judgment for a sum as debt or damage, exceeding by nearly two hundred dollars the ad damnum in her writ. Her vigilant and persistent counsel elaborately urges that this should not be regarded as operative to discharge the bail,— that it does not affect the validity of the judgment, which is good until reversed on error, and not reversible for this cause under our laws, because capable of being cured by an amendment,— that the bail have not been harmed by the error, and cannot be until the final entry of judgment upon the scire facias, — and finally he claims that " if the court should be of the opinion that the bail would be discharged, if the judgment should remain as it now is, the error can be cured by entering a remittitur for the amount of damages which is in excess of the ad damnumand thereupon he asks the court to delay the decision, or discharge the report under a provision therein contained, authorizing either party to ask an amendment and the law court to allow the same, or discharge the report and order the case to stand for trial in the court below. But we think it be must regarded as res adjudicata in this State, that an amendment increasing the ad damnum will discharge the bail taken on mesne process; Langley v. Adams, 40 Maine, 125 ; that it was rightly held in Morse v. Sleeper, 58 Maine 331, that an amendment increasing the ad damnum dissolves an attachment, [268] and that the same result follows when the creditor takes judgment for a sum in excess of the ad damnum, and proceeds to levy without amending; that such amendments or irregularities as will dissolve an attachment, will in general discharge bail; that not only will increasing the ad damnum .by amendment discharge the bail, as directly decided in. Langley v. Adams, supra, but, that, taking judgment for a sum in excess of it, and attempting to hold the bail therefor by notice will have the same effect; that it does not comport with sound policy to delay the decision or discharge the report to permit the amendment proposed, for if it should be allowed, creditors might thereby be tempted to take their chance of gain at the expense of sureties on a bail bond in the expectation that if the attempt failed, nothing would be lost, all might be set right by an amendment. It is questionable moreover, whether an amendment, if allowed, could have the effect to revive the liability of bail once discharged in this way. The English system of taking bail is so different from ours, that their decisions cannot well be applied to cases arising under our statutes. It was well said by Shaw, C. J., in Crane v. Keating, 13 Pick. 342, that "the whole subject of the giving and taking of bail in civil actions is founded on statute, limited, regulated, and controlled by it; that a bail bond partakes very little of the nature of a contract between the parties in whose names it is taken, but is rather a legad proceeding in the course of justice, the effect of which is regulated by statute”; and we think it best that all suitors who have occasion to rely on such securities should understand that a careful observance of the statute requirements, and an avoidance' of dangerous irregularities in the prosecution of their suits are requisite to make them available. The view which we have taken of these two points, renders it unnecessary to examine the other matters relied on in defence. Judgment for defendants, and for their costs. Walton and Daneorth, JJ., concurred. Yirgin, Llbbey and Symonds, JJ., concurred only in the second point stated in the opinion.