Southwestern Telegraph & Telephone Co. v. Riggs

GALLAGHER, J. Plaintiff • in error, Southwestern Telegraph & Telephone Company, operated the only telephone system in Houston. When a telephone was installed' it required the subscriber' to sign a written contract for a year, and pay two months’ rental in advance. Defendant in error, H. P. Riggs, signed such a contract for a. telephone in his residence and paid in advance the rental for two months from July 12, 1917. This contract was accepted by the company, and the telephone installed. The company kept its accounts with its subscribers by numbers only, and through some mistake the money paid by Riggs was credited to another number, leaving his telephone number apparently delinquent. About 8 o’clock on the morning of August 8, 1917, Riggs called his residence and was informed that his phone had been “temporarily disconnected.” This explanation meant, and was generally known to mean, that the subscriber was in default in paying rental. 'The operator referred Riggs to the cashier, who inquired if he had paid his telephone bill. Riggs told the cashier that he ought to know, and asked if they did not keep a record of such matters. The cashier referred to his books and told Riggs that they showed that he owed $3.25. Riggs told him that the record was wrong; that the phone had been installed less than a month; that he had paid two months’ rental in advance and had a receipt for such payment. The cashier suggested that Riggs bring his receipt to the office of the company. Riggs told him that he was very busy and could not bring the receipt to the office of the company, and that it was important that he be allowed to talk to his wife at his residence at once. The cashier declined to do anything until Riggs should bring his receipt and exhibit it at the company’s office, and stated that they would not connect his phone until he did so. Riggs again insisted on being allowed to talk to his wife at his residence, and again advised the cashier that the matter was very important. The cashier retorted, “Well, you cannot talk until you get your phone paid.” Riggs still insisted that he had paid for his phone, and stated that he would talk to his wife or there would be something doing at the courthouse. The cashier replied, “Is that so,” and laughed at him. Riggs testified that it ruffled his feelings because the cashier spoke so sarcastically and cold-blooded. Within three to five minutes Riggs called his residence again, and was again informed that his phone had been “temporarily disconnected,” and the operator offered to again refer him to the cashier. Riggs again insisted upon talking to his residence, and the operator again told him that he could not do so. This irritated Riggs. The operator then connected him with the manager’s office. The clerk, in that office, upon being informed of the contention, inquired if he would expect to be connected if he had not paid his bill, and, being informed by Riggs that he had paid his bill and had told the cashier so, told him to come down to the company’s office and bring his receipted bill. In about 30 minutes Riggs called his residence from another number and was informed that the phone was “temporarily disconnected.” The treatment Riggs received made him angry, but the principal effect on him was that he felt it was an insult to him-to be told he had not paid his bill, when he had paid it, and assured the employds of the company that he had done so. 1-Ie had always had ah ambition to be a man of unquestioned integrity and wanted every one to know that he had sound moral principles and character, and he felt that the fact that the company was telling all who might call his phone, in effect, that he had not paid his bill would hurt his reputation. All this ruffled his feelings and hurt him very much. The company did inform one lady who called Riggs’ residence that the phone was “temporarily disconnected.” It was customary, when a subscriber claimed his bill was paid, to give him the connection asked for and to investigate aft-erwards. No explanation why such course was not pursued in this case was made.' The company began an investigation of the matter and soon discovered its error, and in about one hour after Riggs first called his residence reconnected his phone. It had been, in fact, disconnected since some time the day before. The company tendered in court the sum of 20 cents as the pro rata part of monthly rental accruing while his phone was disconnected, and also tendered costs accrued to the date of tender. The case was tried by a jury, which returned a verdict that Riggs suffered annoyance and inconvenience by reason of his telephone being disconnected, and 'that $250 would compensate him for such annoyance and inconvenience. Judgment was rendered in his favor against the company on such verdict. A majority of the Court of Civil [877] Appeals affirmed this judgment. 216 S. W. 403. Plaintiff in error requested tlie court to charge the jury peremptorily to return a verdict in its favor, except as to the 20 cents tendered in court. The refusal of the court ¡to so charge the jury is assigned as error. This assignment is based on the contention that the proper measure of actual damages for breach of contract to furnish telephone service is compensation for the pecuniary loss sustained, and that defendant in error could in no event recover more than 20 cents, the proportionate rental for the time his phone was disconnected, no other pecuniary loss having been shown. The question of the proper measure of damages in such cases was before the Court of Civil Appeals for the District of Columbia in the ease of Sommerville v. Chesapeake & Potomac Tel. & Tel. Co., reported in 49 App. D. C. 3, 258 Fed. 147, 149, and in which case certiorari was refused by the Supreme Court of the United States. 250 U. S. 661, 40 Sup. Ct. 10, 63 L. Ed. 1195. The telephone company contended in that case that Sommerville was delinquent and cut off his service for one day. The issue of delinquency was submitted to the jury and found against the company. There was no proof of pecuniary loss,, other than one day’s proportionate part of the monthly rental of $3.25, and the court instructed the jury that such proportionate part of such rental was the measure of his damages, and verdict was rendered accordingly. We quote from the opinion of the court in that ease as follows: “But we think that Sommerville is entitled to more than a proportionate part of the $3.25. While the inconvenience which he suffered was for a short period of time, the same principle must apply as if it was for a month or more. It does not seem reasonable that in these days, when a telephone is an indispensable adjunct to every line of business, the inevitable inconvenience, annoyance, and loss of time caused to a subscriber by the wrongful action of the company in cutting off his service without notice should not be regarded as a proper subject for. compensatory damages. To prove that one lost a certain number of dollars by reason of the company’s action might be very difficult, and yet, we think, all reasonable men would say that he was injured thereby. That the company may for just cause, such as the failure to pay his bills when the same become due, refuse to further serve a patron, we may concede (Southwestern Telephone & Telegraph Co. v. Danaher, 238 U. S. 489, 35 Sup. Ct. 886, 59 L. Ed. 1419, L. R. A. 1916A, 1208); but, when the company takes such action, it must know at its peril that it has a valid reason for doing so. Here, according to the verdict of the jury, it was wholly without justification. “Nor is authority wanting for the proposition that the company must respond in damages for its action in a case, like this. ‘The damage sustained by the loss of a telephone in its very nature is largely composed of inconvenience and annoyance. That a person deprived of the use of the telephone is materially damaged, all will concede. What is the amount of damage in dollars and cents cannot be accurately stated by the party suing, for the reason that his damage -consists not only' in pecuniary losses; but it consists in inconvenience, discomfort, and an annoyance, and it must be left to the jury to determine what is the damage sustained, taking into consideration the discomfort, the annoyance, and inconvenience suffered, together with actual and pecuniary losses.’ Telephone Co. v. Hobart, 89 Miss. 252, 262, 263, 42 South. 349, 351, 119 Am. St. Rep. 702. “In Shepard v, Milwaukee Gaslight Co., 15 Wis. 349, 82 Am. Dec. 679, a ease in which the defendant refused to furnish gas to the plaintiff, the court said: ‘The “inconvenience and annoyance” occasioned directly by the wrongful act or refusal of the defendant are always legitimate items in estimating the damages in actions of this kind.’ ” The same contentioii as to measure of damages made by plaintiff in error in this case was made in the case of Carmichael v. Southern Bell Telephone & Telegraph Co., reported in 157 N. C. 21, 72 S. E. 619, 39 L. R. A. (N. S.) 651, 654, Ann. Cas. 1913B, 1117, and was disposed of as follows: “So in contracts for telephone service for household purposes pecuniary values are not ordinarily-in contemplation, and on breach, even when the action is simply for breach of contract, a different standard of adjustment must necessarily or may properly be adopted, to wit, a fair compensation for the loss and for the inconvenience and annoyance in being wrongfully deprived of the service stipulated for. Cumberland Teleg. & Teleph. Co. v. Hobart, 89 Miss. 252, 119 Am. St. Rep. 792, 42 So. 349; Hale, Damages, p. 192.” We therefore hold that annoyance and inconvenience, if suffered, are proper elements of actual damages for the breach of a contract for telephone service by an unwarranted discontinuance of such service. Sommerville v. Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co., supra; Carmichael v. Southern Bell Tel. & Tel. Co., supra; Cumberland Tel. & Tel. Co. v. Hobart, 89 Miss. 252, 42 South. 349, 351, 119 Am. St Rep. 792; Cumberland Tel. & Tel. Co. v. Jackson, 95 Miss. 79, 48 South. 614, 615. Plaintiff in error further contends that the finding of the jury that defendant in error suffered annoyance and inconvenience as the result of its action in disconnecting his phone and refusing to permit him to talk to his wife is without support in the evidence. The facts heretofore recited show that defendant in error was thereby denied the right to talk to his wife on important business; that he spent a half hour trying to get the company to correct its mistake and restore service; that he was greatly humiliated by the refusal of the company to accept his assurance that he had, in fact, paid the rental on his phone, and by the fact that the opera [878] tor reported to parties calling for Ms residence that Ms phone was “temporarily disconnected,” which was known to mean that his service was cut off for nonpayment of Ms bill; and that he was irritated and angered by the sarcastic and cold-blooded manner in which the employes of plaintiff in error spoke to him, and treated him. Inconvenience and annoyance are the reasonable and probable, if not the necessary, consequences of the facts so shown. The jury so .found, and the Court of Civil Appeals approved its finding. The action of the Court of Civil Appeals in the premises is final, and not subject to review by this court- We recommend that the judgment of the Court of Civil Appeals be affirmed. GREENWOOD and PIERSON, JJ. The judgment recommended in the report of the Commission of Appeals is adopted, and will be entered as the judgment of the Supreme Court