State v. Beezley

HOGAN, Judge. In this case, the State appeals from an order suppressing evidence. We reverse and remand. The sketchy record before us indicates that on June 23, 1987, the Prosecuting Attorney of Greene County charged defendant with sodomy upon the person of a male less than fourteen (14) years of age in violation of § 566.060, RSMo 1986. A warrant was issued. Defendant was taken in [916] custody and on June 26, 1987, he appeared in the Associate Division and requested a preliminary hearing. On July 15 the parties again appeared in the Associate Division and the defendant moved orally to suppress evidence. After hearing argument on the motion, the Associate Judge entered an order as follows: “... The motion requested that the Court suppress a videotaped statement of the victim ... made pursuant to Section 492.304, RSMo, and statements of hearsay witnesses offered pursuant to Section 491.075, RSMo. The grounds of said motion were that these matters of evidence had previously been determined adversely to the State in pre-trial motions heard in Circuit Court on June 23, 1987, by the Honorable Judge Don Bonacker and the State was precluded from re-litigating the issues by virtue of the doctrine of collateral estoppel. The State objected that the motion did not meet the technical requirements of Section 542.-296.2, RSMo, in that it was not in writing, but in the interests of a prompt determination of the underlying issue agreed to proceed to an argument on the merits. This Court finds the following facts: 1. This charge was originally filed in Circuit Court as Case No. CR487-202FX-3. 2. A pre-trial hearing was held on the afternoon of June 23, 1987, on a number of motions filed by the defendant, including a motion to suppress the videotape of the victim and any testimony by State’s witnesses concerning statements made by the victim. At that hearing, the State offered the videotape to the Court, which was suppressed on the grounds that it did not meet the reliability criteria of Section 492.304, RSMo, in that it did not include a pre-tape interview with the victim or statements made by the victim immediately after the tape was made. At the same hearing, the State offered the testimony of Officer Eddie Craig and Juvenile Officer Randall Latch pursuant to Section 491.075, RSMo. The Court upheld the Defendant’s motion to suppress on the grounds that these statements did not meet the reliability criteria of that statute. The State, in view of the Court’s ruling, declined to offer the testimony of witness Linda Kirk pursuant to the same statute. 3. The trial in this case was set for June 24, 1987, at 9:00 a.m. The hearing concluded at approximately 4:45 p.m. on June 23, 1987. 4. The State, following the Court’s ruling, dismissed the charge against the defendant in Case No. CR487-202FX-3, and refiled [the same charge] immediately as Case No. CR587-630F. The new case was set for preliminary hearing before this Court on July 15, 1987. Argument was heard from both sides at that time and the Court was apprised of the caselaw on this issue. It is the finding of this Court that the State is collaterally estopped from offering into evidence in this case the videotape of the victim ... and the testimony of Officer Eddie Craig, as well as that of Juvenile Officer Latch, concerning the statements of the victim inasmuch as these issues have already been determined by the Circuit Court in a prior litigation of the same facts. THEREFORE, the Defendant’s motion to suppress the videotape of [the victim] and the hearsay testimony of Officer Eddie Craig and Randall Latch is granted.” (Emphasis added.) As we understand the record, including the transcript of the proceedings in the Associate Division, the Associate Circuit Judge considered only the defendant’s motion to suppress. No order appears finding probable cause to believe that a felony had been committed and that the defendant had committed it, nor did the Associate Division order that the defendant appear in the court having jurisdiction of the offense. Further, the Associate Circuit Judge stated, at the time the motions were argued, that he was resetting the preliminary hearing. [917] The parties have not addressed the jurisdiction of the Associate Circuit Judge to entertain the motion to suppress. Section 542.296, RSMo 1986, provides for a motion to suppress when evidence has been obtained by an unlawful search and seizure, but this is not such a case. Nevertheless, we conclude that the Associate Division had jurisdiction because the defendant sought relief “incident to” a felony case prior to the filing of an information therein. The matter was therefore confided to the jurisdiction of the Associate Division by the provisions of Section 478.225.2(4), RSMo 1986.1 No witnesses were called at the suppression hearing before the Associate Circuit Judge in this case. The record indicates that the court considered no evidence, even though a transcript of the prior suppression hearing was submitted. The Associate Circuit Judge indicated he was inclined “to go ahead and proceed with testimony,” but the State maintained the “... oral motion before the Court only required the Court to determine whether or not the tape should be admitted because of collateral estoppel.” The only question addressed by the briefs is the application of the doctrine of collateral estoppel to the Circuit Court’s ruling on the first motion to suppress. The State argues that the Associate Division was not collaterally estopped because the Circuit Court’s order was “merely an interlocutory order.” The defendant argues that the doctrine of collateral estoppel should be applied because the Circuit Court’s ruling constituted a “valid and final judgment in a prior trial of the same cause.” The question whether an order or ruling at a suppression hearing is conclusive and binding in future or different proceedings depends upon the effect which is given the ruling or order. A judgment in one action cannot be carried over to a second action and given a conclusive effect in the second action, whether by way of bar, merger or issue preclusion if the judgment was considered merely tentative in the very action in which it was rendered. Restatement (Second) of Judgments § 13 comment a (1982). The fact that the order suppressing evidence is appealable is not determinative, id. § 13 comment b, and while there is authority to the contrary, courts generally have refused to give preclusive effect to rulings made at suppression hearings when those rulings are, for one reason or another, interlocutory. See, e.g., McRae v. United States, 420 F.2d 1283, 1286 (D.C.Cir.1969) (suppression hearing final only when there has been adjudication in a separate proceeding); People v. Busija, 155 Ill.App.3d 741, 108 Ill.Dec. 742, 745, 509 N.E.2d 168, 171 (1986) (doctrine of collateral estop-pel applies only where there is a final judgment and a nonfinal action does not bar a subsequent action); State v. Schmieg, 344 N.W.2d 425, 427[4] (Minn.App.1984) (“[a]t trial, the trial court is free to reconsider its suppression ruling ... if a proper motion or application is made. The ruling is not res judicata.”); Commonwealth v. Lagana, 510 Pa. 477, 509 A.2d 863, 866-67[2] (1986); State v. Dorsey, 40 Wash.App. 459, 698 P.2d 1109, 1112 (1985) (if doctrine of collateral estoppel is to apply to result of first suppression hearing, a “valid and final judgment is necessary_”). We conclude that the doctrine of collateral estoppel did not operate to bind the Associate Division in this proceeding. In this jurisdiction, motions to suppress evidence are usually pretrial motions — motions in limine — although a motion to suppress may, in the discretion of the trial court, be entertained at any time during trial. Mo.R.Crim.P. 24.05. The ruling on a pretrial motion to suppress is interlocutory [918] only and additional evidence produced at the trial may prompt the trial court to alter its pretrial ruling and admit the evidence. State v. Howell, 524 S.W.2d 11, 19[6] (Mo. banc 1975); State v. Evans, 639 S.W.2d 820, 822[1] (Mo.1982); State v. Trimble, 654 S.W.2d 245, 254[10] (Mo.App.1983). The very argument advanced by the defendant was considered by the Western District in State v. Pippenger, 741 S.W.2d 710 (Mo.App.1987). In that case, the trial court suppressed evidence which had been suppressed in another and different case. The question presented on appeal was whether the doctrine of collateral estoppel applied to preclude further inquiry into the admissibility of the evidence which had been suppressed in the first proceeding. Noting that decisions on pretrial motions to suppress evidence are interlocutory and that interlocutory orders are not binding in future proceedings, the court held that in the second proceeding (which arose out of the same transaction) it was incumbent upon the trial court to hear evidence and rule on the motion to suppress without relying on what had been done in the first proceeding. State v. Pippenger, 741 S.W.2d at 711[1]. In light of the decision in Pippenger, the ruling appealed from is reversed and the cause is remanded. PREWITT, P.J., and FLANIGAN, J., concur. MAUS, J., dissents. Footnotes [1] Which reads, in pertinent part: "2. Each associate circuit judge within the counties ... for which he is an associate circuit judge may hear and determine the following cases or classes of cases including any equitable issues and relief incident thereto: (4) Felony cases prior to the filing of the information." (Emphasis ours.)