Parks v. Knox

HODGES, Associate Justice. — Appellants brought this suit in the ordinary form of an action of trespass to try title, seeking the recovery of 320 acres of the B. J. Smith survey, situated in Cherokee County. They are the children of W. S. and Mary A. Parks, both deceased, and claim title by inheritance from their parents. The appellees, defendants in the court below, pleaded not guilty, and specially set up their title as purchasers under a sale made by the executors of the will of W. S. Parks, the father of appellants, to J. M. Beard and E. F. Ezell. From the agreed statement we make the following findings as to the facts: W. S. Parks, the common source of title, was married twice, and the appellants are the children of his second marriage. His first wife, Minerva, died in Cherokee County in 1864, leaving surviving her W. S. Parks, her husband, and three children, Thomas M., Mary E., and James. At the time of her death Minerva Parks and W. S. Parks owned community property consisting of both land and personalty. A portion of the land was situated in the State of Missouri. W. S. Parks subsequently married a second wife, Mary A., who became the mother of appellants, Ed. and Boxanna Parks. The land involved in this suit is the community property of the second marriage, and now belongs' to the appellants unless a con — 497 — veyance executed by the executor and executrix of the estate of W. Si Parks had the effect of passing title to Beard and Ezell, under whom the appellees claim. W. S. Parks died in 1876, leaving a will in which he appointed his wife, Mary, and his business partner, John A. Boyd, executrix and executor, and directed an independent administration of his estate. Specific portions were devised to his second wife and to the children of the former marriage, but the land involved in this suit was not disposed of. It appears that there had never been any partition between Parks and his first set of children of the community property of himself and his first wife. Most, if not all, of the land they so owned was still held by Parks at the time of his death, and in disposing of his estate by his will he seems to have made no distinction between this property and that which he thereafter acquired. The will was probated in 1876. During that year the children of the first marriage, presumably having declined to take under the will, instituted a suit in the District Court of Cherokee County against Mary Parks and John A. Boyd as the executors of the will of W. S. Parks. The purpose of that suit, as disclosed by the petition, was to recover the community interest which the plaintiffs in the action claimed by inheritance from their deceased mother, Minerva Parks. At the March term of the District Court, in 1878, an agreement was made, which formed the basis of a decree of partition entered as a final determination of the suit. The appellants in this suit, though not made parties to that suit by the pleadings, appear as parties to the agreement and the decree. During the progress of the trial John A. Boyd was appointed their guardian ad litem, and signed the agreement as such. The agreement provided for an entire division of all the property owned or claimed by Parks, both in his own right and as belonging to the first and last communities. The terms of this judgment more fully appear hereafter. At the time of his death W. S. Parks was indebted to John M. Beard in the sum of $747. He was also indebted jointly with his partner, Boyd, to John MeCrummen in the sum of $1,000. The Beard debt was reduced to judgment in 1879. During the same year Mary A. Parks and John A. Boyd, purporting to act as the representatives of the estate of W. S. Parks, executed a deed conveying the land in controversy to John M. Beard and E. F. Ezell. The consideration recited in this conveyance was $240 to be credited on the judgment recovered by Ezell against the estate of W. S. Parks. The claim which the appellants now assert to the land is based upon the insufficiency of this conveyance to transfer any title to Beard and Ezell. They contend that by the agreed judgment, to which we have referred, the executors had made a distribution of the property belonging to the estate of W. S. Parks, had thereby surrendered their dominion as executors, were without power to then dispose of this property for the payment of debts, and for that reason that this conveyance did not vest any title in the purchasers. Upon a trial before the court a judgment was rendered in favor of the defendants in. the suit. The principal attack upon the judgment is based upon the contention that it is not supported by the evidence. — 498 — The appellants rely upon the proposition that when the representatives of the estate of the decedent, empowered to act independently of the Probate Court, make a distribution of any portion of the estate and deliver possession thereof to the heirs or devisees, such representatives lose all control or dominion over that portion and can not thereafter administer it for the benefit of creditors. The following authorities to which we are referred we think sustain the proposition of law upon which the appellants rely. McDonough v. Cross, 40 Texas, 271; Allen v. Von Rosenberg, 16 S. W., 1099; Henderson v. Lindley, 75 Texas, 185, 12 S. W., 979; Fisk v. Norvell, 9 Texas, 14, 58 Am. Dec., 128. As proof of the fact that a distribution had been made by the executors of the will of W. S. Parks, and that possession of this property had been surrendered by them to the distributees, the appellants rely upon the agreed judgment which was rendered in the suit between the children of the first marriage and the executors of the will of W. S. Parks. The question is, does this decree, by its terms, purport to make a final distribution of the estate of W. S: Parks? The agreement upon which the judgment was based is as follows: “It is agreed in .the above-entitled cause by the parties thereto that a decree by consent be entered as follows, to wit: First. Thomas M. Parks shall have the lot of land now occupied by him as a homestead in the town of Rusk. Second. James Parks shall have 160 acres, the_ Judge Hill tract. Third. Mary E. Bothwell, formerly Mary E. Parks, shall have 100 acres of land known as the Z. Gibbs league, being the same tract mentioned in W. S. Parks’ will. Fourth. The said Thomas, James and Mary E. shall have the tract of land known and described as one-fourth league of the Jordan league. Fifth. Mary A., widow of W. S. Parks, deceased, Roxanna Parks, and Edwin B. Parks, minor children of W. S. Parks, deceased, and Mary A. Parks, shall have,” etc. Then follows description of several tracts of land, including that which is here in controversy, and also all of the personal property on hand. The agreement then proceeds: “The property to be set aside in this decree to the said Thomas M., James and Mary E. to be in full satisfaction of their claims upon the estate of W. S. Parks, deceased, and the estate of said W. S. and Minerva Parks, deceased, save and except the interest in the Missouri property.” This agreement is signed by the attorneys for the different parties and by John A. Boyd as special guardian for Roxanna and E. B. Parks, minors. The judgment entered upon that agreement is as follows: "It is therefore adjudged, considered and decreed by the court that the following described land be and the same is set apart and partitioned to Thomas M. Parks: (Then follows the description). And all of the right, title and interest which the estate of W. S. Parks, deceased, and upon which the other plaintiffs and defendants herein, or either of them, have in and to said before described lot of land, together with the improvements thereon, are vested in the said Thomas M. Parks, his heirs and assigns in fee simple forever. “It is further considered, adjudged and decreed by the court that the following described tract of land be and the same is set apart in partition to the plaintiff James Parks: (Then follows description). Arid all the right, title and interest which the estate of W. S. Parks, — 499 — deceased, and the other plaintiffs herein and the defendants herein, or either of them, have in and to said land, together with the improvements thereon, are vested in the said James Parks, his heirs and assigns in fee simple foiever. “It is further considered, adjudged and decreed by the court that the following described tract of land be and the same is set apart in partition to the plaintiff Mary E. Bothwell: (Then follows description). And all of the title and interest which the estate of W. S. Parks, deceased, and which the other plaintiffs herein and which the defendants herein, or either of them, have in and to the said tract of 100 acres of land, together with all the improvements thereon, are vested in the said Mary E. Bothwell, her heirs and assigns in fee simple forever. “It is further considered, adjudged and decreed by the court that the following described tract of land is set apart in partition to the plaintiffs Thomas M. Parks, James Parks, and Mary E. Bothwell, jointly, to wit: (Then follows description). And all the right, title, and interest which the defendant's herein, or either of them, and which the estate of the said W. S. Parks, deceased, has in and to the said 907 acres of land, more or less, is vested in the aforesaid plaintiffs jointly, their heirs and assigns in fee simple forever. “It is further considered, adjudged and decreed by the court that the following land be and the same is hereby set apart in partition to the defendants Mary A. Parks, Boxana Parks and Edwin Parks jointly, to wit: (Then follows description, including the 320 acres of land involved in thi§ suit). And the right and title of the plaintiffs herein and of the estate of W. S. Parks, deceased, or either of them, in and to the aforesaid land, or any of them, together with all improvements upon said land, are vested in the said defendants Mary A. Parks, Boxana Parks and Edwin Parks, jointly, their heirs and assigns in fee simple forever. "It is further considered, adjudged and decreed that all and same are the personal property belonging to the estate of W. S. Parks and the estate of Minerva Parks, deceased, the first wife of W. S. Parks, deceased, be and the same is set apart in partition to and vested in the defendants Mary A. Parks, Boxana Parks and Edwin Parks, jointly. “It is further considered, adjudged and decreed by the court that the property set apart in partition to the plaintiffs Thomas M. Parks, James Parks and Mary E. Bothwell respectively is in full satisfaction of all and singular their interest, shares and claim in the estate of Minerva A. Parks, deceased, and William S. Parks, deceased, save and except any property which may be owned by either in said estate situated in the State of Missouri.” The statement of facts contains the following agreement by the attorneys in this appeal: “It is agreed that the plaintiffs or defendants in this suit own such interest in the land in controversy as the true construction of the following instruments taken together would convey or give.” The instruments referred to are the following: The written pleadings in the suit by the children of the first marriage; the agreement and the judgment dividing the property, which were entered in that suit; a mortgage executed by Mrs. Parks and John — 500 — A. Boyd as the executors of the will of W. S. Parks, dated May 12, 1879, creating a lien upon the land in controversy together with other tracts, in favor of John McCrummen, to secure an indebtedness due from the estate of W. S. Parks amounting to $1,000.00; and the deed executed by Mrs. Parks and John A. Boyd in their capacity as executors, purporting to convey the land in controversy to Beard and Ezell. In determining the rights of the parties we are thus restricted to the instruments above referred to. It seems to us that a fair construction of the language of this agreement and the judgment is sufficiently comprehensive to justify the conclusion that a final. distribution of all of the property belonging to the estate of W. S. Parks and subject to administration in this State, as well as the interest inherited by the children of Minerva Parks from their mother, was made. It is true that the original petition filed by the children of the first marriage, in their suit, only sought to recover and segregate the community interest of their mother, and no more; but the judgment was not so limited. Some of the property awarded to- those children consisted of lands in which their mother had no interest, community or otherwise, and which belonged to the separate estate of W. S. Parks. This fact, when taken in connection with the terms of the agreement and the judgment, justifies no conclusion other than that a final distribution of all the property in this State in which W. S. Parks owned any interest at his death was intended and was in fact effected. Let us suppose that after the entry of this agreed judgment the children of the first marriage had made a claim to some portion of their father’s estate which had been allotted to the appellants and their mother, upon the ground that they had not received all to which the law entitled them. Would it be contended that they were not concluded by the partition already made? The obviously correct answer to this question would be warranted only upon the assumption that the partition made was final and binding. If the partition was final as to some of the parties it must have been final as to all, except as between those to whom there had been a joint allotment. The question then arises, did the decree devest the executors of any further control for purposes of administration over the property thus distributed? We think so. The executors were parties both to the agreement and to the judgment, and must be held bound by what was there done in so far as they could be bound by such proceedings. If they might thereafter exercise any further administrative authority over any portion of the property, it was because the legal effect of what was there done did not amount to a distribution. We may concede that under the conditions existing at that time, those executors could not have been compelled to yield their control over all of the property of W. S. Parks and submit to a distribution, and that a judgment to that effect rendered over their objection should not be construed as depriving them of their right to continue in the exercise of their administrative functions over any. portion of the property. But in the judgment here under consideration the executors consented to the rendition of the decree, and it should, for that reason, be entitled to all of the weight which a voluntary concession would add. If the estate of W. S. Parks was divided into parts and those parts allotted — 501 — to the joint owners in severalty, or to a part of them severally, and to a group of them jointly, as the interests which those owners should ultimately be entitled to receive from that estate, this amounted to a distribution, whether the executors secretly intended to relinquish their control over the property so distributed or not. A resort by them thereafter for the payment of debts to any of the portions thus allotted would not only be inconsistent with what they had deliberately done, but would be an unjust discrimination against the owner whose property might be thus taken, and destroy the basis recognized in the distribution as determining the relative rights of the parties. ' Having been authorized by the will to administer the estate independently of the Probate Court, the executors could determine for themselves when they would surrender their rights and powers over the estate to the distributees. In the case of McDonough v. Cross, supra, the court said: “But if it is conceded the executor under the will in this case was not authorized thereby to sell the land, we do not think it follows that the sale here in question was not valid and binding. It is certainly within the authority conferred upon the executor, if no specific directions are contained in the will, whether the will is being administered under the supervision of the court or not, to determine when the devisees may take and hold the property devised, free from any claim of the executor' thereto, for the purposes of administration. And if the executor, as the representative of the estate, acquiesces in the right of the devisees to the possession and enjoyment of the property devised, and the possession of it is delivered to them, it can not be subsequently insisted that the devised property is still part of the estate of the testator in the hands of the executor. Unquestionably the devisees take the property subject to the right of the creditors to call upon -them to contribute to the payment of the debts of the testator, if the executor fails to discharge them, or the property in their hands may, by a proper proceeding, be charged with their payment. And it may be if the executor, in fraud of the right of creditors, had passed the estate committed to his charge out of his control, he may have made himself personally liable to the creditors. But still it must be admitted an ordinary judgment against him in his representative character will not authorize the levy of an execution upon the property of the estate after he has ceased to be executor, although in the proper discharge of his duties he should have retained it in his hands for the pa3unent of the debts of the estate.” Had the administration upon the estate of W. S. Parks been conducted under the supervision of the Probate Court and a distribution of the property been made in the manner disclosed by the agreement and judgment here under consideration, 'we do not think the finality of that distribution and its legal effect in removing the property from the control of the executors for further administration would be called in question. Henderson v. Bindley, 75 Texas, 185, 12 S. W., 979. Where the executors are empowered to act independently of the Probate Court, they may close the administration, or surrender all or any portion of the property to the heirs or devisees, without the formality of judicial sanction. When by any course of conduct legally sufficient this is done, we are unable to see why the- same legal consequences should not follow as are attached — 502 — to a judicial distribution made under the direction of the Probate Court. It is urgently insisted by the appellees that no such distribution and surrender was intended in this instance by the executors, and as evidencing the absence of any such intention, reference is made to the subsequent acts of the executors in exercising their dominion over some portions of the estate which had theretofore been divided. The transactions referred to consisted of mortgaging the land in controversy, and other lands, to John MeCrummen to secure a debt due from the estate of W. S. Parks, and making the conveyance under which the appellees in this suit claim. In cases of this kind we must seek the intent of the parties by searching the evidences with which they have clothed their action. Where that evidence consists of written memoranda, or records, couched in plain and unambiguous language there can be no occasion for resorting to extraneous facts to find out what was intended. Under such circumstances it will be presumed that they had in contemplation the legal effect of what was done. Lessing v. Grimland, 74 Texas, 239, 11 S. W., 1095; 9 Ency. of Ev., 371, and cases cited. The transactions to which we. have been referred as controlling the intent of the parties occurred more than a year after the entry of the judgment which we are called upon to construe. They are, therefore, too remote to be considered as a part of the res gestae. We are not to be governed by what the parties may have intended to do, but what they in legal effect did. When the law. attaches certain consequences to the doing of particular acts, the actual intent of the actor must yield to the dictum of the law. The mortgage and deed made by the executors subsequent to the partition might indicate that they still claimed the right to sell off portions of the property for the payment of debts, but they certainly could not be considered as negativing the fact that a partition had in reality been made. If the executors entertained 'such an intention they merely assumed the exercise of a right which the law denied them. It is also contended that the judgment rendered in the suit by the children of the first marriage was void as being without pleadings to support the relief there granted. It is true that the original petition filed in the case only sought the recovery and segregation of that interest which those plaintiffs inherited from their deceased mother, Minerva Parks. It is also true that the judgment rendered went further and made a partition of all of the property in which W. S. Parks was interested. But the judgment was one rendered in pursuance of an agreement made at a time when all of the parties were before the court. Whatever may be said concerning the jurisdiction of the court to pronounce the particular decree there rendered, in the absence of an agreement that it might be done, we do not think that objection can be urged in the present case. A judgment by consent cures all errors except those resulting from a lack of jurisdiction in the court. Hutchison v. Owen, 20 Texas, 287; Laird v. Thomas, 22 Texas, 280; Sandoval v. Bosser, 86 Texas, 687, 26 .S. W., 935; Garner v. Burleson, 26 Texas, 348; Weaver v. Vandervanter, 84 Texas, 691, 19 S. W., 889; Lessing v. Hardie, 55 Texas, 233. The exception in the rule above stated must be still further limited in this instance to those — 503 — elements of jurisdiction which the parties could not confer by an agreement entered of record. In the last case above cited the court said: “But independently of this, it has been decided by this court that although the pleadings do not set forth a cause of action which would, on a contest, have authorized the judgment rendered, yet that this, even as to a married woman, would be waived by reason of the judgment having been by consent.” However, in holding that a distribution of the estate had been made by the executors, we do not regard it as essential in this case that the partition should have resulted from a valid decree of the District Court. The executors had the legal right, independently of any judicial decree, to relinquish their administrative authority over any portion of the estate; and whether the decree be one which they, or the other heirs, can be compelled to observe, or not, it is the embodiment of an agreement equally as binding as would be a judgment to the same effect, in passing their possessory rights as executors. While the decree is perhaps more comprehensive than the agreement itself, it is nevertheless a judicial construction of that agreement, and must here be regarded as having received the full assent of the executors as entered. But assuming that the conveyance of Boyd and Mrs. Parks, in'which they undertook to transfer the land in controversy to Beard and Ezell, was void in so far as it operated upon any title held by them as executors of the estate of W. S. Parks, it does not follow that it was ineffectual for any purpose. Mrs. Parks was not only an executrix, hut a joint owner of the land described in her deed; and while she might not he able to transfer any title, acting in her fiduciary capacity, because she had none, her deed would nevertheless invest her grantees with such interest as she owned in her individual right. Corzine v. Williams, 85 Texas, 499, 22 S. W., 399; 16 Cyc., 712. It therefore becomes necessary to ascertain what interest Mrs. Parks individually held in this particular property. The parties, by their agreement, have eliminated the will of W. S. Parks as a factor to be considered in determining that question, and we must look alone to the instruments to which we have heretofore referred. The judgment in the partition suit uses the following significant language: “And the right and title to the plaintiffs herein (referring to the children of the former marriage) and estate of W. S. Parks, deceased, or either of them, in and to the aforesaid lands or any of them, together with all improvements upon said land, are vested in the said defendants Mary A. Parks, Roxana Parks and Edwin Parks jointly, their heirs and assigns in fee simple forever.” The legal effect of that language would be to create an equality of interest in Mrs. Parks and her children. 28 Cyc., 490; 17 A. & E. Ency. Law, 2d ed., 651. We must therefore conclude that the interest of Mrs. Parks- and the children were equal, and that she held as a tenant in common with them an undivided one-third interest in the 320 acres of land involved in this suit, and that such interest passed by the terms of her deed to Beard and Ezell. The judgment of the District Court will therefore he reversed and here rendered in favor of the appellants for an undivided two-thirds interest in the land, but the case will be. remanded for the purpose of enabling the parties, if they so desire, to have a partition. The judgment is accord — 504 — ingly reversed and the cause remanded with instruction to partition the property in accordance with the views here expressed. The costs of this appeal will be adjudged against the appellees. Reversed and remanded with instructions.