United States v. James Thomas Winn

PER CURIAM: James Thomas Winn appeals his convictions on two counts of possession of a firearm in furtherance of a crime of violence, 1 contending the statute of conviction, 18 U.S.C. § 924(c), violates the Commerce Clause. Winn faded to raise this issue in the district court, thus we review for plain error. See United States v. Peters, 403 F.3d 1263, 1270-71 (11th Cir.2005) (stating when a defendant fails to raise a constitutional challenge in the district court, we review for plain error). “[W]e may not correct an error the defendant failed to raise in the district court unless there is: (1) error, (2) that is plain, and (3) that affects substantial rights.” Id. (quotations omitted). Even if we hold these three prongs are satisfied, “we will exercise our discretion to rectify the error only if it seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” Id. (quotations omitted). We have expressly held that § 924(c) does not violate the Commerce Clause. United States v. Ferreira, 275 F.3d 1020, 1028 (11th Cir.2001); see also United States v. DePace, 120 F.3d 233, 235 n. 2 (11th Cir.1997). Thus, the district court did not err, much less plainly err, in convicting Winn under § 924(c). See id. To the extent Winn contends we should overrule these cases, this argument is without merit because only this Court sitting en banc or the Supreme Court may overrule a prior panel decision. Walker v. S. Co. Servs., Inc., 279 F.3d 1289, 1293 (11th Cir.2002). 2 We affirm Winn’s convictions. AFFIRMED. Footnotes [1] Winn does not contest his conviction for conspiracy to rob a federally insured bank, which did not involve 18 U.S.C. § 924(c). [2] To the extent Winn may have sought to challenge § 924(c) as unconstitutional as applied to him, he abandoned the issue by failing to offer any argument or analysis of it in his brief. See Flanigans Enters., Inc. v. Fulton County, 242 F.3d 976, 987 n. 16 (11th Cir.2001) (holding when a defendant fails "to elaborate or provide any citation of authority in support,” he abandons the argument for appellate purposes); Allison v. McGhan Med. Corp., 184 F.3d 1300, 1317 n. 17 (11th Cir. *962 1999) (stating issues "not clearly outlined in an appellant’s initial brief are deemed abandoned”).