Johanns v. National Accident Society

Cullen, J.: The substantial controversy between the parties to this action,' in truth, presents little else than questions of fact. As to these questions there was a conflict of the sharpest character between the evidence adduced by the different sides, and the correct determination of those questions is involved in much doubt. The jury, however, have decided these questions in favor of the plaintiff, and the preponderance of evidence on behalf of the appellant is not so great as to justify interference by us with the verdict of the jury. The action is brought to recover on a policy issued by the defendant insuring the plaintiff against accident. On the 3d day of April, 1896, the plaintiff, while attempting to board a car on an electric street railroad, fell, and one of the wheels passed over his foot. In consequence of that injury the foot was amputated. The policy on .which the action is brought was dated the 2d day of March, 1896. It is conceded that it was-hot delivered on that day. The plaintiff’s evidence was to the effect that the premium was paid and the policy delivered on March thirty-first. The- defendant asserted that the policy was not delivered nor the premium received until April fourth, the day after the accident, and then in ignorance of the fact that any accident had occurred to the plaintiff. This question was submitted by the trial judge to the jury for determination with great fairness to the defendant. He charged that if the policy was not delivered until after the accident the defendant was not liable, and he further charged that the burden of proof was on the plaintiff to establish affirmatively that the policy was delivered prior to the time of the-injury. The defendant set forth in its answer several provisions of the policy, under which it was claimed that it was exempted from liability. These provisions substantially were that the insurance should not “ extend to or cover * * . * disability happening to the insured * * * while intoxicated or in consequence of his having been under the influence of any narcotic or intoxicant,” or when caused by “voluntary or unnecessary exposure to danger, or to obvious risk of injury,” or received ■“ while violating the law.” The defendant adduced evidence tending to show that the plaintiff was intoxicated at the time of his injury. This fact the plaintiff. denied. It appeared, without dispute, that the plaintiff [106] attempted to board the car while it was moving, though the evidence tends to show that the car was moving at a very slow rate. The defendant also, gave evidence of an ordinance of the common council of the city of Brooklyn, in which city the accident happened, which prescribed: “ 3. Occupation of platform.—No persons, except motormen, conductors or police officials in uniform, shall be allowed on _ the front platform of any such cars when in operation, except that such front platform shall be used for the ingress and egress of passengers at stoppages. The rear platform of cars shall also be used for the ingress and egress of passengers.” At the close of the evidence, the defendant requested the direction of a verdict in its favor, on the grounds, frst, that the plaintiff’s injury was received while he was engaged in violating the law, to wit, the ordinance of the city; second, that the attempt to board the car, while in motion, by the front platform was a voluntary and unnecessary exposure to danger and obvious risk, within the condition of the policy; and, third, that the plaintiff was- intoxicated at the time .of the accident. This motion the court denied, to which denial the defendant excepted. The court submitted the question of the plaintiff’s intoxication and voluntary and unnecessary exposure to danger or obvious risk to the-jury for determination, as matters of fact. We think the ruling of the court was clearly correct. Certainly the question of intoxication was a mere question of fact. It is unnecessary for us to determine whether the conditions of this policy would.exclude the plaintiff from recovery, in case of any contributory negligence on his part, as, on the evidence in this case, even in an action against the railroad company, the question of that negligence would'be one of fact for the jury. In Eppendorf v. Brooklyn City & Newtown R. R. Co. (69 N. Y. 195) it was held not to be contributory negligence, as matter of law, for a person to get upon a street car while in motion, unless under .exceptional circumstances, but that ordinarily it is a question of fact for the jury; and in Distler v. L. I. R. R. Co. (151 N. Y. 424) the same doctrine has been extended to the case of one attempting to board an ordinary railroad train propelled by steam, where it was moving at the rate of only two or three miles an hour. We do not-see that the city ordinance has any application to the present case. It expressly permits using the front platform for [107] ingress and egress and only forbids passengers being allowed to remain on the platform. If the plaintiff had the right to board the car at all, when it was moving, which, as we have shown, was a question of fact for the jury, he no more violated the city ordinance hy using the front platform for that purpose than he would have done by seeking the rear platform. The judgment and order appealed from should be affirmed, with costs. . All concurred, except Goodrich, P. J., not sitting. Judgment and order affirmed, with costs.