Hull v. Canandaigua Electric Light & Railroad

Spring, J".: This action was brought on the 30th day of May, 1899, to foreclose a mortgage. The two defendants Wilcox were 'judgment creditors of the defendant the Canandaigua Electric Light and Railroad Company, and the mortgage foreclosed was given during the pendency of the action which culminated in the judgment in their favor. The copy summons served on the defendant Walter D. Wilcox did not contain the name of the attorney who commenced the action of foreclosure. The office and post office address were correctly stated, but in copying, the name of the attorney was inad [420] vertently omitted. The original summons was properly subscribed by the attorney for the plaintiff, and this, with the complaint, was duly filed and the-proper notice of the pendency of the action, with the attorney’s name subscribed thereto, was duly-filed and recorded. The copy summons served on said "Wilcox was attached to a copy of the complaint, which had indorsed upon it the name and post office address of the attorney for the plaintiff. The defendants Wilcox; who were father and son, were together when the service was made upon each of them. The summons served upon De Forest A. contained the name of the plaintiff’s attorney, and these defendants compared the two summonses, the omission was noted, and Walter promptly called the attention of his attorneys and several others to the defect, and obviously refrained from appearing in the action, in order that when the opportune time came he might take advantage of this oversight. The father and son were jointly interested in the claim which is represented by their judgment. The father appeared and answered in the action, and after a trial upon the merits was defeated. The attorney who appeared for the father had been consulted by the son, and early in the proceedings knew of the omission in the summons He sought a postponement of the trial to a succeeding term, and informed the attorney.for the plaintiff that no summons had been served upon Walter D. Wilcox, but that he would obtain authority to appear for him in case an adjournment was granted, which request was not fully acceded to. It is proper to add, however, that the defendant’s attorney had no purpose to deceive in this representation, but he had forgotten in what the defect consisted. After a trial decision was rendered in favor of the plaintiff upon the merits, and a judgment of sale entered, and a referee to sell appointed, and it was not until then that the defendant made this motion. The plaintiff was not informed of the error until the motion papers were served. There is no real merit-in this application. The defenses of the father and .son were identical. Their interests were joint, and a fair trial has been had upon the issues raised by the father. Tlie only question, therefore, is whether the omission of the name of the attorney for the plaintiff upon the copy of the summons served was a mere irregularity, or rendered the process void. If the omiss [421] ion did not vitiate the summons -in toto, the application can be considered on its merits, otherwise not. As Alderson in his work on Judicial Writs and Process puts it (at § 72, p. 128): “ We submit as the true and broad rule governing the. subject, that defects in a writ that do not render it void are amendable; and that imperfections which so affect the writ as to entirely destroy its validity are not susceptible' of amendment. In brief, process that is voidable only is amendable, but void process is not.” In Osborn v. McCloskey (55 How. Pr. 345) the summons failed to state the county in which the plaintiff desired the trial, and Mr. Justice Daniels, without an opinion, held that the Code provision (§ 417) was mandatory, and set aside the summons. Later, Wallace v. Dimmick (24 Hun, 635) was decided by the General Term of the first' department, and the same justice wrote the opinion of the court. The same defect existed as in the case before referred to. The court did not in terms overrule the preceding case, but held that the omission was an irregularity and subject to amendment which, in effect, is in contravention of the doctrine that the defect renders the process a nullity." In Wiggins v. Richmond (58 How. Pr. 376) the summons omitted to specify the office, post office address or street number of the plaintiff’s attorney, and the notice of no personal claim accompanying the summons contained no reference thereto. The court held that section 417 of the Code of Civil Procedure was not mandatory, and that the summons was amendable. In Thomson v. Tilden (24 Misc. Rep. 513) it was held that the omission from the summons of the name of the county in which the trial was desired was not a fundamental error, but. an irregularity. (See, also, Yates v. Blodgett, 8 How. Pr. 278.) In Gribbon v. Freel (93 N. Y. 93) a summons issued out of the Marine Court of the city of New York stated the time in which the defendant was required to answer as six days instead of ten, as provided in section 3165, subdivision 2, Code of Civil Procedure. The Court of Appeals held this was an irregularity merely, saying (at p. 96): “ But the summons was not an absolute nullity. The insertion of six days instead of ten was an irregularity merely. The defect could have been waived by the general appearance of the defendant, or consent, express or implied. A judgment entered by default after the service of such a summons [422] would not have been absolutely void, but simply irregular or erroneous, to be corrected by motion or by appeal.” The obvious aim of the Code provision permitting amendments “ in furtherance of justice ” (Code Civ. Proc. § 723), is to relegate this authority to the courts as to every process or pleading. Section 721 enumerates a great variety of defects covei’ing nearly every conceivable case, which are cured by a vérdict or decision. Section 722, after providing for an amendment in each of these specified defects, adds,. “ and any other of like nature, not being against the right and justice of the matter, *. * * must * * * be supplied and the proceeding amended,” and a further enlargement of the power of the court is given in the succeeding section. The trend of the authorities,' aside from the cases cited, is to give full scope to these sections and to treat every defect in the summons or pleading as an irregularity and hence subject to control and correction by the courts. (Clapp v. Grams, 26 N. Y. 418 ; Sears v. Sears, 9 Civ. Proc. Rep. 432; McCoun v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co., 50 N. Y. 176.). The summons is the notice required to bring the defendant into court. Whatever information he could have gathered from the process in the present case he was apprised of by the indorsement on the complaint which was annexed to the summons; together they made a substantial compliance with the Code requirement so that the defendant was not misled by the omission in the summons, and that is the test in the determination of a question of this character. ( Van Namee v. Peoble, 9 How. Pr. 198; Union Furnace Co. v. Shepherd, 2 Hill, 413 ; Loring v. Binney, 38 Hun, 152,156 ; Van Wyck v. Hardy, 4 Abb. Ct. App. Dec. 496; Austin v. Lamar Ins. Co., 108 Mass. 338.) The authorities are collated and discussed .in Alderson on Judicial Writs and Process in chapter 16. •No injury has been done to the defendant in this case. He abstained from appearing with full knowledge, and because of the omission in the summons served. He kept quiet and allowed the defense he might have interposed to be fought out by his father. Eleven months after the service of the summons and after his father had met defeat upon the merits he, made this motion, based, not upon any surprise or misunderstanding, but solely upon the ground that no summons, in fact, had been served upon him. I [423] think the court, at Special Term, possessed .a discretion and has exercised it most wisely. The order is affirmed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements. All concurred, except Adams, P. J., not voting. Order affirmed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements.