In re the Judicial Settlement of the Account of Seaman

O’Brien, J.: Emma L. M. Seaman and George B: Rhoads were trustees under the will of David Seaman, deceased. George B. Rhoads died intestate in 1899, and Elizabeth Rhoads, his- widow, was thereafter appointed his administratrix. Proceedings were instituted for a judicial settlement of the estate of David Seaman, and Elizabeth Rhoads was made a party thereto. A decree was made therein whereby it was, among other things, ordered “ that Elizabeth Rhoads, as administratrix of the goods, chattels and credits which were of George B. Rhoads, deceased, pay to the said new trustee to be appointed, the sum of Ten thousand five hundred dollars ($10,500.00) of principal, and that she also pay, as aforesaid, the income on such principal sum of Ten thousand five hundred dollars ($10,500.00), which has accrued since the first of January, 1899, after deducting from the aggregate amount of such income, however, such amount as has already been paid by the deceased trustee, or by her, to the beneficiaries under the trust, and which is not included in the account herein-above referred to.” [51] On this decree an execution was issued - against the individual property of Elizabeth Rhoads and a levy thereunder was made by the sheriff of the county of New York. Prior to the entry of the decree the referee in the accounting proceedings reported that a certain trust fund had been placed in the hands of George B. Rhoads, and no account thereof had been demanded or made up to the time of his death. The fund was $10,500, and the referee, found that Mrs. Rhoads, as administratrix of her deceased husband,, was chargeable with that sum. There was no proof that the sum-had ever found its way into the hands of Mrs. Rhoads, the fact being that it had never, reached her; nor was it shown that she had. any estate in her hands belonging to her late husband, unless we-consider the affidavit which was used on the motion before the surrogate to amend the decree and set aside the execution issued against the individual property of Mrs. Rhoads under which the levy was-, made by the sheriff, from which affidavit it would appear that in an-accident case she had stated that her husband left an equity in real: estate to the extent of $7,000 and $5,000 in personalty. As against, this we have Mrs. Rhoads’ own affidavit that no property or estate; of David Seaman or personal property of her late husband had comej into her possession; and we have also the affidavit of the opposing attorney in the accounting proceedings that “no testimony was offered in the aforesaid proceeding as to whether or not any personal property of George B. Rhoads, deceased, ever came into the possession of Elizabeth Rhoads, individually or as administratrix.” The referee also, in his. affidavit which was used on the motion, states that “ no testimony was offered before me on said reference showing that any part of the moneys or property of this estate had come into the hands or possession, or under the control of Elizabeth Rhoads, who is- the administratrix of the estate of George B. Rhoads, deceased.” Upon the discovery of the defective character of the decree — which it is alleged was first made when the sheriff actually levied upon Mrs. Rhoads’ individual property — the motion was made to set aside the execution and levy, and to amend the decree so as to conform to the facts. The surrogate denied so much of the motion as asked for an amendment of the decree — from which determination Mrs. Rhoads appeals — and upon the ground as he states, that [52] the amount- named in the decree was not sufficiently definite to justify its enforcement by execution, granted so much of the motion as asked to have the execution and levy set aside, which disposition is the basis of the appeal herein of the substituted trustee. As to the appeal which relates to the setting aside of the execution, we concur in the conclusion reached by the surrogate, but not for the reasons, given by him. The authority to issue an execution upon the decree of the surrogate is to be found in section 2552 of the Code of Civil Procedure which permits an execution on a decree directing payment by an executor, etc., for the reason that such a decree is “conclusive evidence that there are sufficient assets in his hands to - satisfy the sum ” directed to be paid by the decree. As to the force and effect of the decree upon an accounting by an executor, etc., óf a deceased executor, however, the trustee of the Seaman estate, in issuing the execution, overlooked section 2606 of the Code-of Civil Procedure which bears upon that subject and provides, “so far as concerns the executor or administrator of decedent, such a decree is not within the provisions of section twenty-five hundred and fifty-two of this act.” Mrs. Rhoads, being the administratrix of a deceased executor or trustee, the decree entered is not, therefore, conclusive evidence that there are sufficient assets in her hands as administratrix of her' husband, and the case is one where leave to issue execution must be sought from and allowed by the surrogate. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 1825-1827.) Upon such motion it will be competent to inquire as to what assets, if any, she holds as administratrix of her husband, and how far there are other creditors who are entitled to participate in the assets of such estate. With respect to so much of the appeal as relates to the denial of the motion to amend the decree, we think that the conclusion of the surrogate should- also be affirmed. The decree was entered upon notice, and at the conclusion of proceedings in which the administratrix through counsel took part, and the time to appeal therefrom lias expired. The case most favorable to the contention that the surrogate might so amend the decree is Matter of Henderson (157 N. Y. 423) wherein it was said: “ All .courts * * * must possess some inherent power, and the correction of their own records when affected by some mistake or clerical error, would seem to be [53] about as mild an exercise of such power as can well be imagined.” It was accordingly held that a clerical or arithmetical error charging the executor with over $10,000 in excess of the true amount could be corrected although more than four years had elapsed after such error was made and the decree entered. But though it was said that the surrogate had power to correct mistake or clerical error, the cases of Matter of Tilden (98 N. Y. 434) and Matter of Hawley (100 id. 206), which denied power in the surrogate to amend as to matters of substance, were referred to and distinguished, the learned judge saying, “ In both cases the ground for opening the decree was not a clerical error * * * but errors of substance made at the hearing which should have been corrected by appeal and not by motion.” In Matter of Regan (167 N. Y. 338) the Henderson case was cited and approved, the same learned judge writing the opinions in both these cases, and saying in the Regan case: “ The Surrogate’s Court has power independently of any statute to exercise control over its own records and to vacate its own decrees for mistake, fraud or clerical error.” Here the referee found that the sum of $10,500 was received by the husband in his lifetime and also found that Mrs. Rhoads, as administratrix of her husband, is chargeable with that sum. This finding should have been excepted to by the party aggrieved, and from the decree entered upon the referee’s report containing such finding, appeal should have been taken. The legal presumption from a finding that assets of a decedent had come into the hands of a deceased executor or administrator, is that they are still in the hands of the executor or administrator of the decedent, whose individual liability therefor would follow as a conclusion of law. (Jessup Surr. Pr. 690, citing Matter of Clark, 119 N. Y. 427; Perkins v. Stimmel, 114 id. 359.) The decree is seemingly in conformity with the referee’s report, and it was the duty of the administratrix or her counsel, at the time the decree was prepared for settlement, to have protected her rights, not alone by presenting the proposed decree in her behalf, but, when that was rejected and the decree presented by the other side was signed by the surrogate, by appealing within the time allowed by law. It is doubtful if she could permit such time to elapse and seek [54] thereafter to correct the error by motion. The distinction pointed out in the Henderson Case (supra) as to when the surrogate has and 'has not power to amend the decree, rests upon whether the amendment relates to a mere clerical error, mistake or fraud in a matter of substance. We think the decree in the respects complained of affected a material matter because it was a determination upon the part of 'the surrogate, following the report of the referee, not only that the husband had received the trust fund, but also that an administratrix, Mrs. Rhoads, was chargeable with that sum. We do not,, however, deem it necesssary to determine whether on the facts here appearing, the surrogate, upon the ground of mistake, had power to grant the motion to amend the decree after the time to appeal had expired, because in our view no execution could be' issued thereon without leave'of the surrogate. Upon a motion for such leave the facts could be shown, as already stated, and, therefore, the rights of 'Mrs. Rhoads aré not seriously affected by the decree as entered. Our conclusion, therefore, is that so much of the order as denied the motion to amend the decree should be affirmed, and so much as granted the motion to set aside the execution and levy should be modified, in accordance with the views herein expressed. No costs to either party. Van Brunt, P. J., and Laughlin, J., concurred ; Patterson and Ingraham, JJ., concurred in result. Order modified as directed in opinion, and as modified affirmed, without costs.