Burk v. Brooklyn Wharf & Warehouse Co.

Willard Bartlett, J. : The plaintiff, then a child four years old, was run over and injured by a railroad train operated by the defendant on Commercial Wharf, in the borough of Brooklyn. The conditions were such as to impose Upon the defendant the obligation to exercise reasonable care in the management of the train which injured the plaintiff. (De Boer v. Brooklyn Wharf Co., 51 App. Div. 289, and cases therein cited.) The principal question litigated upon the trial was whether this obligation was complied with by the giving óf proper signals of the approach of the train to the spot where the [298] accident occurred, if any such signals were necessary in addition to the noise made by the movement of the train itself. The learned trial judge left this question very fairly to the jury. He told them-it was for them to say whether the noise' of the train-- proceeding was not of itself súfficient warning and signal to persons .intending, to cross the track. If they reached the conclusion that in the exercise of reasonable care some other signal or warning should have been given, then they were to determine whether it was given, and ■ the court added still further : “ If you reach the conclusion on the evidence here that the bell was ringing at the time of- this accident,, then it would be your duty to render a verdict in this case for the defendant, because the court rules then as a matter of law that that, was a sufficient warning and signal of- the-approach of this train.” In other words, the jury were instructed that if they deemed a signal to be necessary and they found the bell to have been rung, the necessary signal had been given and the defendant would be. thereby-absolved from liability. • . ' The appellant contends, however, that the jury should not have; been allowed to pass upon the question whether the bell was rung •or not, invoking the rule laid down in Culhane v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co. (60 N. Y. 133) that “ as against positive, affirmative evidence by credible witnesses to the- ringing of a bell or the sounding of a whistle, there must be something more than the testimony of one or more that they did not hear it, to authorize-the submission of' the question to the jury. It must appear that- they were looking, watching and listening for .it, that their attention was directed to the fact, so. that the evidence will tend to some extent to prove the negative.” Upon the trial seven witnesses gave testimony bearing upon the question whether the bell was rung upon the train as it approached the place of the accident — two for the plaintiff and five-for-the defendant. The five witnesses for the defendant swore positively-to the ringing of the bell. All of these witnesses appear, to have been in the defendant’s employment at the time, four of them.being engaged in the management of the train. Their relation to the defendant and the responsibility of some of them for- the accident,-• if it occurred through fault on their part,- could properly be taken into consideration by the. jury in passing .upon the effect to be given [299] to their testimony. The jury were not bound to believe them. It seems to me very doubtful, to say'the least, whether the rule in the Culhane case, which is limited to credible witnesses, was intended to apply to the testimony of servants in behalf of a master charged with negligence, where the negligence of the master cannot be made out without imputing carelessness to these very witnesses. ■ The plaintiff’s testimony on this branch of the case was given by Harry Joseph McGowan and John J. Macken, neither of whom ■seems to have had any interest in the event of the action. McGowan was crossing the wharf on his way home ; he says that the first he knew of cars moving was when he heard the rumbling of the wheels behind him; he then saw the child hit by the train, which went about seventy or eighty feet after striking the child. He further testified : “I did not hear the whistle. * * * I did not hear a bell.- I did not hear anything other than the rattling of the wheels ■or the noise of the wheels indicating the approach of the car. "* * * I looked around because I heard rumbling. The rumbling ■of the wheels of the cars attracted my attention as they were coming behind me.” Macken was in a building overlooking the Commercial Wharf at the timé of the accident, and looking out of the window, having a view about 200 feet north from the place where he stood. He noticed three children, one of whom was the plaintiff, Walking down the wharf, and as soon as he saw the plaintiff turn round some standing cars that were stalled on the track he perceived that she was in danger and shouted. As to the absence of signals, he says: “ I heard nothing more than the sound of the engine pushing the car, the rumbling of the cars coming along ; that was all. I heard no other noise of any other kind coming from that train or that engine.” It seems to me that the testimony of- these two witnesses justified the submission to the jury of the question whether the bell was rung or not. Macken was in a position to observe all that took place at the time of the accident. Hé said he had a clear and unobstructed view of the situation, and his attention was attracted, not to say . absorbed, by what occurred. His situation, as he describes it, was such as to make it extremely improbable that he would have failed to hear the ringing of the bell if the bell had in fact been rung, and he expressly declares that he heard no noise of any kind coming [300] from the train except the fumbling of the cars. I do' not' think that, the doctrine of the Culhane case was intended to go so far áa to hold that the courts must accept the testimony of interested witnesses as conclusive, when opposed to the testimony of a-"disinterested witness, circumstanced as this man Was on the Occasion of this accident.. : . The proof was not such as to justify the trial court in imputing negligence to the plaintiff’s mother ¡as matter of law in allowing her to' leave home and find her way to the place where the accident occurred, and the learned trial judge properly left it to the jury .to say whether the mother exercised the reasonable care of an ordinarily prudent .parent in sending her child out to play upon the street under the circumstances disclosed by the evidence. No error. .Was committed by the court in refusing to charge the requests specified ' in the fourth point of the appellant’s brief., So far as the propositions were correct they had been covered in the instruetions already given to the jury. ." I advise an affirmance of the judgment., .Present — Goodrich, P. J., Bartlett, Woodward, Hibschberg- and Hookér, JJ. Judgment and order unanimously affirmed, with costs.