Vogemann v. American Dock & Trust Co.

Miller, J.: The plaintiffs were the charterers of the steamship Louise which undertook to discharge a cargo on the defendant’s pier when a section of it collapsed, throwing a quantity of sugar and hemp seed into the water. The respective owners brought suits against the plaintiffs and recovered judgments, which were sustained by the Court of Appeals. This suit is brought to recover the amount of those judgments, together with the reasonable expenses incurred in the defense of those suits and in the prosecution of the appeals. [218] It appears, practically without dispute, that about fifty of the piles, upon which the collapsed section of the pier had rested, had been eaten away to a slender core, just above the mud line and below the surface of the water, by a worm, known as the limnoria. The presence of the limnoria in the waters of Hew York harbor and the effect of its ravages had been known for many years. The pier that fell was built prior to 1874. Ho inspection of the piles below the water line was ever made. A diver could easily have discovered the condition, shown to have existed, by feeling of the piles. The accident occurred in May, 1901. Those facts established a plain casé of negligence oil the part of the owners of the pier, who invited people to use it and were bound to maintain it in a reasonably safe condition. The suit was brought against the appellant and Brady & Gioe, stevedores employed by the plaintiffs to unload cargoes, the complaint alleging that the damage was caused in ]iart by the negligence of the defendants Brady & Gioe in improperly loading the cargo upon the pier. The appellant argues that that averment, not denied by it, established the negligence of the stevedores, the plaintiffs’ servants, and thus the plaintiffs’ contributory negligence. The complaint distinctly alleges that the plaintiffs were free from any negligence, causing or contributing to the loss or damage; and it was dismissed as to the defendants Brady & Gioe on the ground that no negligence was shown. However, it is unnecessary to consider the ingenious argument of the learned counsel for the appellant, respecting the effect of the averments of the complaint, relative to the defendants Brady & Gioe, not denied by the appellant, for the reason that the jury have found, under a charge of the court fairly submitting that question to them, that the stevedores were independent contractors ; and the court might well have.ruled upon the evidence that they were. The evidence discloses that the said stevedores were regularly employed by the plaintiffs for unloading cargoes and were paid a regular contract price by the ton with extra charge for tiering above the ordinary height. The work was done by their own men under the supervision of a foreman employed by them. The mere fact that the plaintiffs’ tally clerk was present to keep track of the work, or that he gave directions where to put the cargo' or for extra tiering, does not change the case. The plaintiffs [219] were concerned only with the result, not with the means or methods employed 'by the stevedores to attain it. It is next objected that the judgments against the plaintiffs, being based on their liability as common carriers, cannot be the basis of a recovery over for negligence. The law is settled that, where a person without fault has been held legally liable for damages caused by the fault of another, or where he has been compelled to pay money which in justice another ought to pay, he may be permitted to recover the sums paid from the person whose fault caused the damage and who ought in justice to pay. (Oceanic S. N. Co. v. Ca. T. E., 134 N. Y. 461; Hoadley v. Dumois, 11 Misc. Rep. 52; affd. on opinion below, 155 N. Y. 630.) The owners of the cargo could not • have recovered the judgments against the plaintiffs for negligence because they were not negligent. They were, however, liable as common carriers; but the judgment in this case establishes the fact that that liability was caused by the defendant’s negligence. The plaintiffs, without fault on their part, have been made legally liable for damages caused by the defendant’s, negligence. The judgments recovered against the plaintiffs established the damages sustained by them, and the judgment in this suit established the ' defendant’s liability for .those damages. The underlying principles were discussed in the cases cited sujora, and further elaboration of them is unnecessary. It is next objected that notice and an opportunity to defend were not given the appellant. There is proof of a letter written by the plaintiffs’ attorneys to the appellant which notified it of one suit, invited it to co-operate in defense of the suit, and gave notice of an intention to hold it liable for any judgment recovered. The appellant’s counsel replied to that letter, inviting a conference, and it is undisputed that one or more conferences followed. Two witnesses testified on behalf of the plaintiffs that the defendant’s counsel was informed of the second suit, invited to co-operate in the defense of that, and notified that the plaintiffs would look to the appellant for the'payment of any judgments recovered. Whether such interviews occurred was fairly submitted to the jury, who have found in the plaintiffs’ favor, but it is objected that notice to the counsel was not . notice to the appellant. It may' be conceded that notice to an attorney employed in a particular litigation is not notice to his client [220] of matters not pertaining to that litigation. In ruling upon an objection to testimony respecting the conversation with the defendant’s counsel, the court said: “ I understood it to be conceded in the testimony of the last witness that Hr. Kilsheimer was the counsel for the American Dock Company,” to which the latter replied, “ There will be no denial of that whatsoever.” The only fair con ■ struction to be placed on that language is that Hr. Kilsheimer wras the general counsel of the appellant at the time the notice was claimed to have been given, and there is no denial that that was the fact. Notice to him respecting a matter in which he was authorized to act for his employer was notice to the latter. Obviously, if a written notice of the second suit had been mailed to the office of the appellant it would merely have been referred to its counsel) precisely as the written notice given was referred. The general employment of a lawyer by' a corporation to act for it in all legal matters is very different from a special employment in a particular matter. Having made the admission above referred to, the defendant should have proved, if it claimed it to be the fact, that Hr. Kilsheimer did not; have authority to receive notice on its behalf, but no such.claim was made on the trial. No particular form of notice is required, and it is plain that the notice testified to was sufficient. (Oceanic S. N. Co. v. Campania T. E., 144 N. Y. 663.) There may be some doubt whether the plaintiffs, upon the proof in this record, were entitled to recover the costs of the appeals and the expense of prosecuting them, but the only question raised on that branch of the case relates to the sufficiency of the proof that the disbursements were reasonable, and we think there was sufficient evidence on that head to support the verdict. We have examined the numerous exceptions called to our attention by the appellant’s brief, and find nothing requiring discussion in addition to what has already been said. The judgment is affirmed. Present — Hirschberg, P. J., Woodward, Jenks, Rich and Miller, JJ. Judgment and order unanimously affirmed, with costs.