Title Guarantee & Trust Co. v. New York Juvenile Asylum

Ingraham, J.: This action was brought to obtain an injunction restraining the .defendant the New York Juvenile Asylum from using a sewer through the plaintiffs’ property and from maintaining any connection with it for any sewer belonging to or used by said defendant, and from discharging into it any sewerage from the property owned and occupied by said defendant. The complaint alleges that one James Jennings McComb "during his life was the owner of certain property at Dobbs Ferry in the. State of New York; that McComb died on "the 31st of March, 1901, leaving' a last will and testament by which he gave and devised such real property to the plaintiffs as trustees; that McComb constructed a private road through his property, known, as Walgrove avenue, and under said road constructed a private sewer for the purpose of. draining his property and for the use of residences erected thereon ; that in September, 1901, the plaintiffs, as executors and trustees of McComb, conveyed a portion of the property owned by McComb during his life to the defendant Ida E. Brown, she being entitled to use this private Toad — 531 — and private sewer thereunder for the property that she purchased from the plaintiffs, and to connect the drainage from her building erected on the property so purchased with this private sewer; that the defendant the New York Juvenile Asylum had purchased a tract of land adjoining the property of McComb and had entered into a contract with the defendant Brown by which it proposes to make a connection with' the sewer on Brown’s property which connects with the private sewer through the plaintiffs’ property by which the sewerage from a large public institution to be built upon the premises acquired by the defendant the juvenile asylum will be carried away; and it was to enjoin this use of the sewer through the plaintiffs’ property that this action was brought. The defendant in answer to this complaint alleges that prior to the death of McComb the Chauncey Realty Company, was the owner of a large tract of land situated to the south of the McComb tract; that McComb was a stockholder in the said company and that the company undertook to lay out the projierty with streets and avenues, contemplating the construction of houses and a club house thereon; that prior to the 1st of December, 1899, McComb had constructed under "Walgrove avenue through his premises a sewer, and that between the 1st day of December, 1899, and the 1st day of March, 1900, McComb agreed with the Chauncey Realty Company that if the company would settle and discharge certain alleged claims of one Wood or his estate against Erhardt and others interested in the Chauncey property he would grant to said company an easement in perpetuity to use Walgrove avenue as described in the complaint herein as a right of way and to connect with and use the sewer mains thereunder, and would extend said Walgrove avenue to connect with the roads to be built by the company upon its premises ; that the Chauncey Realty Company settled the claims of Wood, and thereafter, in reliance upon this agreement of McComb, the Chauncey Realty Company used said Walgrove avenue as a right of way and connected with and used said sewer mains under said Walgrove avenue, and that or its successors in title are still connected with and still using said sewer mains for the purpose of draining said property then owned by the said company; that said Chauncey Company and this defendant have performed all the conditions,. covenants and agreements of this agreement between — 532 — McComb’ and the said company to be performed on. the part of said company, but that McComb and these plaintiffs have failed to perform the covenants and conditions of said agreement to, be performed by plaintiffs’ testator by failing to execute and deliver to said company or to this defendant a good and sufficient deed granting and conveying a perpetual easement to use- Walgrove- avenue as a right of way and to use the sewer mains, under Walgrove avenue; wherefore, the defendant the Eew York Juvenile Asylum demands judgment.that the complaint, be dismissed, and that the plaintiffs be decreed specifically to perform the agreement -between plaintiffs’ testator and the- Chauncey Eealty Company by delivering a good and sufficient deed conveying and granting to this defendant a per- - petual right of way over Walgrove avenue and the right to use the sewer mains thereunder. . Upon the trial at Special Term the court found : “ That, between the first day of December, 1899, and February 20th, 1900, said James- Jennings McComb agreed with said Chauricey Eealty Company that if said company would settle and discharge certain claims of the estate • of John P. Wood, the brother-in-law of said James. Jennings McComb, against Joel B. Erliard.t and others interested in the Chauncey property,, which- were then in. suit, by delivering to Mary Esther McComb, the. wife of James- Jennings McComb,'and sister of said Wood,” certain satisfaction pieces of mortgages,- and deliver a note of the Chauncey Company for $2,000- to said .'administratrix of Wood, “ he,/the said James Jennings McComb,. would grant and convey to the Chauncey Eealty Company for the benefit of .its said lands an easement in. perpetuity to use Walgrove avenue and the sewer mains thereunder, and also to extend said mains, from the terminals- thereof, and to extend Walgrove avenue in a.southerly direction through his property into the lands- of the Chauncey Eealty Company, and to use said sewer and roadway extensions, and would also grant and. convey to the Chauncey Eealty Company a right of way over his property known as the Alpine Drive Turn.” It was . further found that the Chauncey Company subsequently delivered the satisfaction pieces, to..the administratrix of Wood, and also-a note of-the- Chauncey Company for $2,000, and received from the said McComb a deed of the easement known as the Alpine Drive Turn. I think the finding that McComb made any such agreement as is — 533 — specified in this finding is without evidence to sustain it. Some time prior to December, 1899, the Chauncey Company had acquired a large tract of land adjoining McComb’s property, which it had undertaken to develop by the laying out of streets, roads, plots of ground for the erection of private dwellings, and a club house. MeComb was a stockholder in this company, owning about 66 out of 5,000 shares. As he was the owner of a large tract of adjoining-land, he was naturally interested in the development of the company’s property. The real property acquired by the Chauncey Realty Company was subject to a large., mortgage, was evidently producing no income, and the success of the enterprise depended upon the company’s being able to dispose of property to those desiring to build suburban residences. It would seem that one Wood, who was a brother of McComb’s wife, had been employed by the company, and upon his death there was a dispute between the company and Wood’s representatives, the company claiming mortgages upon certain property left by Wood, and Wood’s representatives claiming that the company was indebted to Wood in an amount exceeding those mortgages. The realty company had employed a civil engineer named Lamb to lay out and1 design improvements upon the company’s property and.to build water and sewer works. At that time the property of the company was idle and Lamb made a map of the property. Lamb was called as a witness for the defendant and testified that in the first part of the year 1900 he had an interview with MeComb, and asked MeComb “ for the privilege of connecting with this sewer and for the right of way for a roadway through his property, and he (MeComb) stated he would make no concessions, grant nothing to the Chauncey Realty Company; that they had treated him shamefully, or rather his relatives sharae^ fully. He would do nothing for them.” Lamb made a report to the company of the result of this conversation, although to whom he made the report is not stated. Shortly after he again called on MeComb and asked him, “ if the wrong that he claimed against his relatives were righted, if he would give me, or give the company, the rights that I requested, and he said that if the mortgages were satisfied and the claims of the Wood estate was* satisfied, cash paid — 534 — fór it, that he would give me these easements that I requested, and the right of way through the property, or give the company such.” Lamb reported this fact to the company, ahd subsequently lie was appointed a committee with a Mr. Sweny to wait upon McComb to see if he would accept notes instead of cash and the' release of the mortgages in consideration of the rights that Lamb requested ; that McComb said he would give the rights of way and the use of the sewer in consideration of the company’s paying or giving the notes for the Wood account and to cancel the two mortgages; that the amount of the note should be $2,000. He did not say. anything about making a conveyance. The witness further testified that at a subsequent time he appointed a Mr. Kidney to go with the witness and point out the place where the old sewer left off; that in a conversation with McComb the witness agreed to put Y’s in each of the places where he had located a sewer main. Subsequently the witness, built 2,315 feet of sewer, which ran from where McComb’s main sewer stopped, through his property in a southerly direction to the north of the land of* the Chauncey Realty Company, and that sewer cost between $1,600 and $1,800, in which was included $400 or $500 for superintendence. That sewer was all built inside of the McComb property, except about twenty feet, which extended into the property of the Chauncey Realty Company. At the time McComb wás alleged to have made this promise, lie stated that he supposed Mr. Sweny would take care of the papers in the matter. Subsequently the witness said that at the conversation when the settlement was made he asked for a right of way through McComb’s property for an alpine drive, as well as the right to construct sewers from the end of his land up to the company’s property, in consideration of the release of the two mortgages and the giving of the note for the Wood claim, and that that was the settlement effected that night. He was then asked whether there was anything said as to the character or duration of this easement, and replied that McComb said he would give a perpetual easement. On cross-examination he said he had' four interviews with McComb. The first time he was by himself; the second time he had with him a Mr. Fish; the third time he had with him a Mr. Sweny, and the fourth time he was by himself; that Mr. McClelland was present at the time Sweny was with him, and nobody else at any of the — 535 — interviews; that at the first interview Lamb explained the extensive improvements that the company intended to make, that these improvements would help McComb’s property and the drive would be an advantage to him, and that the advantage of the improvements upon the company’s property to the property of McComb was impressed upon McComb as a reason why he should grant these rights to the company; that nothing was done at that time about putting the agreement in writing; that it was all left in conversation, but it was stated that Sweny would take care of the papers in the matter. The witness also testified that the Chauncey Realty Company was engaged in laying out a residential property and was to build houses and also a club house; that these houses were to be country places, each with its own land around it; that the plots wrould vary but were laid out in plots of 100 feet square; that the prospectus anticipated a lot of very fine houses, and McComb was told that the connection with the sewer was for the purpose of the Chauncey scheme; that a sewer connection would help carry through the Chauncey Realty Company’s scheme, and that view was presented to McComb, who expressed his approval of it; this scheme seemed to appeal to him. All that was ever done in relation to this Chauncey Company scheme for the property was to build this section of sewer. Immediately afterward the mortgage upon the property was foreclosed and then the whole scheme was abandoned; no plots were sold; nothing further was done. What McComb was asked to do was to give a right to connect his sewers with the residences to be erected by the Chauncey Company upon its property, and the right that was given, as foúnd by the court, was limited to the inside of these houses. It was contemplated that the agreement, whatever it was, was to be evidenced by deed or written instrument. The testimony as to these conversations shows- how indefinite they were as to the rights that were to be acquired by the Chauncey Company. There was not,'howevei-, one word said to indicate an agreement that an easement was to be appurtenant to the property, as distinguished from a license or personal right to the Chauncey Company, which was to be granted for the purpose of aiding in the development of its scheme of improvement. The conversation was all based upon the particular kind of development or iro.nrov.ement of the property then contemplated by the Chauncey — 536 — Company, and it was solely in connection with this improvement and development, that the privilege, license or easement, whatever it may be called, was agreed to. A Hr. Fish, who was present at one of these interviews between Lamb and HcComb, testified as to the conversation in’ relation io the proposed development of the Chauncey Company’s scheme, and the great advantage that that would be to HcComb’s property was insisted upon. Fish says that what HcCo.mb. said was that if Lamb could adjust these other matters in relation to the Wood claim he’ would grant this concession, the details to be subject to the approval of Hr.. Kidney. But all that was said was based upon the fact-that aiding the’ development of the Chauncey Company’s property would be a benefit to HcComb’s property, .and there was nothing .granted or agreed, to be granted except aright or privilege’to aid in this proposed development of the company’s property. I think the fair, inference from ,all the conversations was that what was granted was conditioned upon the carrying out of this development, and the right that was agreed to was to enable the Chauncey Company to carry it out. But, as before stated, it was clearly contemplated that whatever rights were to be given were to be settled by the interchange of written instruments, and when this settlement came to be carried out there-was such an exchange of written instruments. Hr. HcClelland, who was employed by HcComb to .act as his attorney i<n relation to the final settlement in relation to the Wood matter with the Chauncey Company, testified that an action had been commenced against the Chauncey Company by Wood’s administratrix to recover upon what was considered to be the amount .due the Wood estate from the Chauncey Company; that after these discussions between Lamb, Fish and HcComb, under that retainer and as representing HcComb, he called upon’Hr! V,eddév, the president of the' Chauncey Realty Company, and had two or more interviews with him; that propositions and counter-propositions were .made, and ' u-litimately .a settlement effected ■ by ■ which the claim of the Wood estate against the Chauncey Company was .settled, and what the Chauncey Company,had demanded from HcComb .was obtained .as the consideration for that settlement. HcClelland testified that after .several interviews with Yedder he came to an understanding — 537 — ' with him- for a. settlement of. the Wood claims, and- what MeCombwas to give; the Chauneey Company inj consideration thereof. These were reported to MeComb and! finally accepted by him, and that arrangement was carried out. The releases between the Wood estate and the Chauneey Company were exchanged, and MeComb executed a grant to-the-Chauneey Company for an easement for a right of way over what was called the- Alpine- Drive, and there was attached to this deed a map showing the right of way granted. Upon this final'arrangement nothing was said about this easement for a sewer, but the settlement as represented by the-exchange of these instruments was' the result of the negotiations between McComb’s lawyer and the- president of the Chauneey Company subsequent to the understanding between Lamb and MeComb, and it seems to me that this settlement must be considered as the final settlement of the terms agreed to between the parties. The Chauneey Company satisfied the mortgages and gave its promissory note for $2,000, which apparently was never paid as it was produced upon the trial by the plaintiffs, and' MeComb executed and delivered the grant of a right of way over the Alpine Drive. The arrangement that was finally carried out as the- result of these negotiations as to- what should actually be- granted by MeComb as a consideration for the settlement of the Wood claim was stated by Mr. McClelland- to be: ‘‘The transaction was that certain mortgages were to be.canceled by the Realty Company, this note was to; be given to Mr. MeComb, or the claim was to be released, and Mr. MeComb was to give or grant a right of way. That is the arrangement I made, which was carried out to my •knowledge. There was no arrangement, or condition, or part of that arrangement other than that. The entire arrangement, as I made-it with Mr. Tedder, was carried out on that occasion in the way. I have described. Absolutely closed. Mr. Sweny and Mi*. Lamb, I .think, were present at,, the' same, time in Mr. McComb’s house.” And McClelland swore positively that there- was nothing said about a sewer in that connection ; that this sevVer connection formed no part of the settlement between the Chauneey Realty Company and the Wood estate;' that he conducted the negotiations and was there at the closing, representing both Mr. and Mrs. MeComb, and he conducted all the negotiations. — 538 — Hr. Sweny, who was a member of the committee with- Lamb in ' his interviews with McComb, testified that he drew the deed from McComb to the Chauncey Realty Company for a right of way over Alpine Drive; that he drew the satisfaction pieces for the mortgages and releases of the Wood estate and the note for $2,000, and that" he was present at the time the transaction was finally closed and these instruments delivered; that he was present at the time of the interview between McClelland and McComb; that the whole matter was gone over and the papers examined that had been, drawn before that meeting. Sweny seems to have represented the Chauncey Company at that interview, at which time the papers had not been executed, but they were then finally approved as the settlement of the whole transaction and were subsequently executed and delivered. That was reported to the Chauncey Company and that settlement was accepted by it. Mr. Kidney, who was McComb’s representative, testified that up to the twentieth of June McComb refused to give his consent to the construction of this .sewer; that the construction of the sewer was not mentioned at any time when he was present when the Wood settlement was talked of; that the granting of an easement for the sewer had no relation to that settlement; that the connection with a sewer was talked of from time, to time,"Lamb insisting that it would benefit McComb’s property, and that the proposed improvements of the Chauncey Company in building a club house and residences would be an advantage to McComb; that he, Lamb, wished to make the sewer connection to connect with the house sewerage of the houses that the Chauncey Company expected to build ; that this was the only thing that was ever talked of in relation to this sewer connection; that there was never any agreement that there should be any sewerage connection or sewer agreement except to be used for the house sewerage" on the houses when erected by the Chauncey Company, and that continued-down as late as June, 1900. Thus, from the whole testimony, I think it is entirely clear that the settlement of the Wood claim was entirely independent of this sewerage connection ; that this .claim was finally settled as the result of the negotiations between McClelland and Vedder, the president of the Chauncey Realty Company ; that while there had — 539 — been preliminary talks between Lamb and McComb in relation to the grant of sewerage connection for' the houses to be erected by the Chauncey Realty Company upon its property, the exact form of that concession was not finally determined, but was to be represented by written instruments thereafter to be executed; that this concession was subsequently asked for solely upon the ground that the development of the Chauncey Company’s property, as proposed by that company, would benefit McComb’s property, and that to accomplish the erection of these dwelling houses and club house and the establishment there of a residential location, McComb was willing to give a limited right to use the sewer, but that no actual easement was ever granted either verbally or in writing ; that the subsequent abandonment by the Chauncey Company of its proposed improvements, the foreclosure of the mortgage upon its property, and the failure of that company to carry out its building scheme, upon the performance of which whatever promises there were were made, terminated the right of the Chauncey Company, whatever it was, and thus no easement ever became appurtenant to the property which would so attach to it as to pass by the referee’s deed given in pursuance of the foreclosure of a mortgage that had been on the property prior to the time when this agreement was made, and by which the whole scheme of development of the Chauncey property, upon which whatever promises McComb made were based, was destroyed. The title to the property acquired by the defendant the New York Juvenile Asylum was acquired by the asylum by deed from the referee, dated October 7, 1901, upon the foreclosure of the mortgage against the Chauncey Realty Company. It is not claimed that' McComb was a party to that action or that in that action there was any claim to this easement. Whatever right the Chauncey Company obtained was a mere verbal understanding made after the giving of the mortgage, and was in form a personal right given to the Chauncey Company, and not as appurtenant to the property the Chauncey. Company owned. By section 1632 of the Code of Civil Procedure it is provided that a conveyance upon a sale'made pursuant to a final judgment in an action to foreclose a mortgage upon real property vests in the purchaser the same estate only that would have vested in the mortgagee if the equity — 540 — of redemption, had been foreclosed,. The use to which the property is now subjected by the juvenile- asylum is entirely different from that- contemplated by the, parties when this, oral conversation took .place upon which, the, right of the defendant to- an easement is based; and to enforce such an oral conversation by imposing-up on the, owners-. of this large and valuable property a servitude-which was never thought of or contemplated, is certainly going far beyond the judgment of any court of, equity in any case of which I have knowledge. The cases where verbal -contracts for easements have been enforced have .generally been based upon the principle of • an estoppel, where the verbal agreement- was conclusively proved, and where, one party having acted on it with, the knowledge, of the-other party to it,, the principle of estoppel justified a court of equity in enforcing it. Thus it was said by Judge Earl in Miller v. Ball (64 N. Y. 291) that “ the principle, upon which courts of equity liold that part performance, is sufficient, is, that a party who- has'per- ’ rnitted another to. perform acts on the- faith of an agreement shall not he allowed tó' insist that the agreement is invalid because it was-not in writing.”' And :as- was said by Judge Andrews' in Newman v. Nellis (97 N. Y. 285): ' “ But we know of no rule of law which prevents a party from performing' a promise which could not be legally enforced,, or which will permit a party, morally but not legally bound to do a certain act or thing, upon the act or thing' being done,, to recall it to the' prejudice of the promisee on the plea that the promise^ while still executory, could not by reason of some-technical rule of law have been enforced by action.” But- at the time this mortgage was granted no easement of any kind had been acquired by the Chauneey Company over, the property of McComb.. Assuming that while the mortgage was on the property and before it was foreclosed, McOomb had verbally granted a permission tocen nect a sewer on his property so as to drain the houses which the Chauneey Company -intended to build upon the property, no such houses were ever built, but by a foreclosure of the mortgage, the defendant the juvenile asylum had acquired the right of the mortgagor at the time the mortgage was executed. Certainly there could be acquired' under the judgment in this foreclosure - suit no right granted by McComb subsequent to the execution of the mort — 541 — .gage which related solely to the draining of houses to be erected upon the property, but which were never erected, as an aid to the •development of McOomb’s property, which was never developed. It seems to me, therefore, that the- juvenile asylum acquired no •easement in the "plaintiffs’ property which a court of equity could •enforce. The nature of the right that was intended to be given by McComb entirely explains the reference to .an easement in MeComb’s letter and in the proceedings of the meeting of the stockholders of the Chauncey- Company. It is nowhere stated that what was granted was an easement which was to be appurtenant to the Chauncey Company’s property so as to pass to a mortgagee and to be used for other purposes than that contemplated by the parties at the time the permission, license or easement was agreed to be given. And this limitation of the right, which was to be effective only for the purpose of the development which would improve MeComb’s property, prevented it from becoming a grant of a general easement which would attach to the freehold and pass to a grantee of the Chauncey Company. ■ But, as before stated, the defendant does not •occupy the position of grantee of the Chauncey Company, but has ¡acquired title under a mortgage executed long before any easement •or right was given, which title, under the Code of Civil Procedure, is only the right that would have been acquired had the equity of redemption of the mortgagor been foreclosed. The attempt of the defendant to establish an estoppel by virtue of the incidental conversation with one of the trustees in relation to the contract with the defendant Brown for the use of the sewer 'on her property is quite evidently futile. The estate could not be bound by notice to •one trustee, or even by a conveyance or agreement by one trustee, .and there can be no estoppel binding the estate to recognize this easement because one trustee was notified of the proposed contract ¡and made no objection. My conclusion, therefore, is that a finding that a general easement of a right of sewerage was granted is without evidence to support it, and that the judgment must be reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to the appellants to abide the event. Laughlin and Scott, JJ., concurred ; McLaughlin and Houghton, JJ., dissented. Footnotes [*] Sic.