Lambertini v. Sun Printing & Publishing Co.

Gaynor, J.: The newspaper article complained of is no doubt defamatory for making the plaintiff appear ridiculous, which is a distinct head of the law of libel. Such liberties cannot he taken with people with impunity. But the trouble is to ascertain whether the plaintiff complains of the article in that sense at all; whether that meaning has not been excluded by the complaint; for if the complaint he not based on that meaning there can he no recovery on that meaning. The plaintiff takes the article seriously instead of as a joke on him, which it obviously is, and complains of it on the ground that it charges him with membership in a society of “ assassins, murderers, blackmailers, thieves and kidnappers ”, and that he really has tattooed on his hack the black [176] hand, which is the emblem and name of the society; whereas it will not bear that meaning. ■ When the complaint in an action for defamation singles out a meaning and complains of that only, and in that way excludes all other meaning, the complaint is certainly based on and limited to the meaning so complained of only. This is so obvious a proposition that it will not bear argument in our. learned profession. The defendant has only to answer by way of a defence in justification or in mitigation to the meaning which alone aggrieves the plaintiff, and of which alone he therefore complains. This is a very different thing to the ordinary innuendoi, whose office is only to heighten the degree of meaning, not to state some other distinct meaning, and exclude all other meaning, as I have recently had to point out (Hilder v. Brooklyn Eagle, 45 Misc. R. 165). The case of Morrison v. Smith (177 N. Y. 366) may be hastily taken for much more than it decides. But after reading the recent decision on appeal in Wuest v. Brooklyn Citizen, (38 Misc, 1; 102 App. Div. 480) we must all be in doubt as to whether the foregoing rule is any longer alive; or, may be, whether it is not misunderstood. In that case the words complained of, the plaintiff being a woman, were: “ She went to a prison for an operation. She sank so low. She said it cost five dollars, and that her screams were heard all over the block.” The complaint most carefully alleged the defamation to he that the charge was “ the commission of a crime ” by her, and her punishment therefor by “ incarceration in a penal institution.” On appeal, however, it was held that the dismissal of the complaint on the alleged meaning was error, for the reason that the plaintiff was entitled to go to the jury on the charge of abortion, although the plaintiff had made no- complaint on that head, but carefully avoided doing so, and the defendant had of course not pleaded in its answer to any such charge; as indeed what defendant would commit the folly of answering something not charged against him? The learned court went further, and held that the word “ prison ” must be read and understood as “ person ”, thus [177] «Hanging the libel complained of to one not complained of at all; for the complaint was based on the charge of imprisonment only. Moreover, on the question of whether the words, with 5< prison ” changed to “ person ”, impute an abortion, they are certainly equivocal, for they may mean some innocent operation; and it is an every day rule that in the case of equivocal words, i. e., words capable of both a harmless and a defamatory meaning, the plaintiff has to single out and allege the latter meaning in his complaint in order to state a cause of action (Smid v. Bernard, 31 Misc. R. 35; Taylor v. Wallace, 31 Misc. R. 393; Odgers, p. 112). It is not for the defendant to attribute a defamatory meaning, to his words, capable of a harmless meaning; it is for the plaintiff to do so' by bis complaint In view of this decision, however, I hesitate. I may properly point out that it seems to he all awry, for the mind ®f our learned profession is not servile; but I must also pay it some heed. The demurrer is overruled.