Harris v. Fowler

Gildersleeve, J. Defendant made his accommodation check in favor of one Clarke for $135, to be applied to a particular purpose. Said Clarke indorsed the check and diverted it from the purpose for which it was given by paying 'the same to plaintiff on account of a pre-existing debt of $411. Plaintiff had no reason for suspecting’ that it was an accommodation check or that it had been diverted from its purpose by Clarke. As an offset to plaintiff’s claim against Clarke for $411, the former owed the latter $70 for services. At the time of paying the check to plaintiff, Clarke told him that, in order to make the check good, it was necessary for plaintiff to give Clarke plaintiff’s own check for $70, which plaintiff did, in payment also of Clarke’s said claim against him for services. This $70 check was evidently given hy Clarke to defendant, as the check came back, when paid, with defendant’s indorsement on it. Plaintiff presented the $135 check for payment, but payment of the same was stopped by defendant. This action is brought to recover bn said check. The court gave judgment for defendant. Plaintiff appeals. The defense is based on the claim that, as the check was an accommodation one, which had been diverted from the purpose for which it was given, and had been [525] taken by plaintiff on account of a pre-existing debt, plaintiff was not a bona fide holder for value and not entitled to recover, even though he did not know of the accommodation or the diversion. The Negotiable Instruments Law, section 51, provides that “ an antecedent or pre-existing debt constitutes value, and is deemed such whether the instrument is payable on demand or at a future time.” This statute, however, must be construed to mean that, in order to constitute value which will support an action against an accommodation maker of a check which has been fraudulently diverted, the antecedent debt must have been canceled and discharged on the acceptance of the check, or the time of payment extended. The creditor must have parted with something, either the debt itself, or the right to sue upon it for some determinate period, by the extension of the time of payment. Boseman v. Mahony, 86 App. Div 377; Sutherland v. Head, 80 id. 103. Some doubt is expressed by the appellant as to the check being an accommodation one, because it appears that at some subsequent date Clarke repaid to the defendant part of this sum of $135. But we must take the situation as it was at the time of the diversion of the check, when it was uncontradictedly an accommodation check, and the subsequent dealings between Clarke and defendant cannot alter this fact. Upon the question of the acceptance of the check in payment and discharge of the debt the only evidence tending to show such an acceptance is that of plaintiff, .as follows: “ Q. This check was given to apply on account of that debt (of $411), was it not % A. Yes, sir.” It is also urged that the fact of bringing this suit on the check against defendant is evidence of the discharge of the claim against Clarke. It seems to us that plaintiff simply says that he credited Clarke on the antecedent debt with the $135 check of defendant. His own check of $70, given to Clarke on the latter’s representation that the $135 check would not otherwise be good, as above stated, was no new consideration, as it was given in payment of a debt of plaintiff to Clarke. There is no evidence that plaintiff took the check itself in extinguishment of $135 of Clarke’s debt to him, or that he, in other [526] words, waived all right to sue Clarke for that amount, whether the $135 check was good or not. The understanding evidently was that in case only the check was paid was the amount to he credited on Clarke’s debt. While a recovery in this action on the check would operate to extinguish the claim against Clarke, still there is nothing to show that in case of failure plaintiff has relinquished such claim. There is no pretense that an extension of time of payment for any determinate period was given as a consideration for the check. Boseman v. Mahony, 86 App. Div. 377. The check was given to pay Clarke’s pay-roll- at the end of the week. Defendant had an interest in the application of the check to that purpose, inasmuch as he was anxious to keep Clarke’s business going, in order that Clarke might repay defendant the sums borrowed; and defendant had on other occasions helped Clarke pay his workmen. It seems that the court below arrived at a proper determination of the issues presented, and that the judgment should be affirmed, with costs. Gerard, T., concurs.