Donlen v. Fidelity & Casualty Co.

Callaghan, J. On the l'8th day of September, 1918, the defendant issued for the benefit of Anna T. McCann, now an incompetent person, a “ teacher’s life, * * * indemnity, accident * * * and health * * * disability policy ’ ’ whereby it agreed to pay ten thousand dollars in case of death by accident, and “ if the assured suffers confining disability the company will pay the assured for the period of said disability not exceeding 52 weeks ” the sum of $10 a week, and “if the assured suffers non-confining disability the company will pay the assured as follows for the part of said non-confining disability, if any, within 52 weeks from the beginning of the preceding confining 416 disability ” the sum of five dollars per week, and ‘ ‘after the said 52 weeks so long as the assured lives and continuously suffers said confining disability ” the sum of two dollars and fifty cents per week. During the month of October, 1918, the said Anna T. McCann was duly adjudged an incompetent person, and since that time she has been confined in a public institution for the insane. The proof shows that she is suffering from an incurable malady, and, based upon the assumption that the incompetent would never fully recover, this action was brought to recover an amount to be based upon the expectancy of life of the incompetent as shown by the Northampton tables, the defendant having first disclaimed all liability under the policy. Plaintiff cannot, however, succeed on this branch of the case. The policy states definitely when and under what circumstances the defendant is required to pay, and its refusal to pay the full amount of the weekly indemnity specified in the policy, based upon its belief that the plaintiff is not entitled to the maximum of such weekly benefits, is not such a refusal to pay or such a denial of its liability as would in any event furnish grounds for an action to recover the full amount of the loss at this time. But, aside from that reason, the policy states definitely when and under what circumstances the weekly indemnity is to be paid, and the plaintiff cannot recover in this action the full amount of plaintiff’s damage based upon her expectancy of life. It was the intention of the parties, as evidenced by the policy, to pay only at the times and in the manner specified in the policy. The action was tried by the court without a jury, and the undisputed testimony shows that the incompetent is now and .has been since October, 1918, continuously confined in a public institution for the treatment of the insane and is undergoing the usual course of treatment. She has 417 never "been released from the institution or allowed to go from within the inclosure. She has, however, been required, as part of the treatment laid out by the institution, to do work as a laundress, and in the performance of that duty she has been taken from one building to another under the care of a supervisor and within the grounds of the institution. The question, therefore, to be determined is whether or not the incompetent suffers confining disability within the meaning of the policy. It is the defendant’s contention that it is not liable for the maximum amount specified as payments for disability. It bases its contention upon the theory that the malady from which the assured suffers is not one which confines her in the house within the provisions of the policy. The disability contemplated by the parties at the time the policy of insurance was issued is such an illness as ordinarily would confine one to the house. It may be that one suffering from a very serious disease would be able to leave the house and, in fact, attend to business or other duties, but I cannot conceive of a malady which would bring one so clearly within the terms of the policy as that of insanity. The very nature of the disease itself requires confinement not only for the safety of the public, but for the benefit of the patient as part of the treatment for the disease. The mere fact that she has gone from one building to another furnishes no evidence that she was not necessarily confined, particularly as the work which she was assigned to do required those in charge of the institution to take her from one building to the other. I have read all the authorities submitted on behalf of the defendant, none of which are in conflict with these views. It follows, therefore, that plaintiff should have judgment for the maximum amount of the weekly indemnity for a period of fifty-two weeks, and for one418 half of the weekly indemnity for the following fifty-two weeks, and for one quarter of the weekly indemnity up to the time of the trial of this action, and in addition thereto the sum of fifty dollars for hospital charges, about which there is no dispute. Present findings and judgment on two days’ notice. Judgment for plaintiff. '