People ex rel. Rynerson v. Kelsey

By the Court, Speague, J.: This is an action in the nature of quo warranto to inquire into the rights of the respective parties to hold and discharge the duties of the office of Tax Colleeter in and for the County of San Joaquin. The appellant Kynerson, at the general election held on September 6th, 1865, was elected Sheriff of San Joaquin County, and after receiving his certificate of election to said office, duly qualified for the performance of the duties of' the office of . Sheriff of said county. At the time of the election and "" qualification of appellant, as such Sheriff, the statute of the State-devolved upon the Sheriff of San Joaquin County the [473] duties of Tax Collector of the county. Appellant did not receive any separate certificate of election as Tax Collector of the county, hut prior to his entering upon his duties as Sheriff, to wit: on the 20th day of February, 1866, he filed his bond as Tax Collector, which was duly approved, and on the first Monday of March, 1866, he entered upon the duties of the office of Sheriff of said county, and ex officio, as Sheriff, discharged the duties of .Tax Collector of the county, without having taken any oath of office, other than that as Sheriff, until the first Monday of March, 1867. The respondent was elected Treasurer of San Joaquin County at the general election in 1865, at the same time appellant was elected Sheriff, and entered upon the duties of his office, as such Treasurer, on the first Monday of March, 1866. On the 2d day of April, 1866, an Act of the Legislature was passed and approved, making the Treasurer of San Joaquin County ex officio Tax Collector of said county, and providing that the Act should “take effect and be in force from and after the first Monday of March, 1867.” Prior to the first Monday of March, 1867, respondent, who then was, and since the first Monday of March, 1866, had been, and still is the duly elected, qualified and acting Treasurer of San Joaquin County, filed a bond as Tax Collector of the county, with his official oath as such Collector indorsed thereon; and, on the first Monday of March, 1867, entered upon the duties of the office, excluding the appellant therefrom, and ever since has continued to hold it and to discharge the duties thereof to the exclusion of appellant. The record discloses that the case was tried by the Court below, without a jury, and upon the very full and explicit findings of fact the Court gave judgment in favor of respondent and against relator for costs, and the case now comes to this Court upon the judgment roll, on appeal by relator. As we view the case, the only material question involved is as to the constitutionality of the Act of April 2d, 1 (Stats. 1865-6, p. 689,) making the Treasurer of San Joa [474] County ex officio Tax Collector, and devolving the office and duties of Tax Collector upon a person or officer not elected to fill the office, and during the term of office of the regularly elected and qualified Tax Collector. The relator was elected Sheriff, September 6th, 1865; at the time of his election the law applicable to San Joaquin County provided that the Sheriff should be ex officio Tax Collector of the county. By virtue then of his election to the office of Sheriff, he was at the same time, by the electors of the county, designated and elected Tax Collector. It was not essential for him to receive a separate certificate of election, or make, or file a separate oath of office as Tax Collector. His certificate of election and oath of office as Sheriff, filing and approval of his official bond as Sheriff within the time prescribéd by law, and filing and approval of the additional bond required as Tax Collector, prior to entering upon the duties of the office of Sheriff, were sufficient. Having, then, duly qualified as Sheriff and ex officio Tax Collector of the county, he entered upon the duties of the office on the first Monday of March,. 1866, and was entitled to hold and enjoy the same for the term of two years, unless the office became vacant by the happening of some one of the events enumerated in section twenty-three of the Act concerning officers, approved April 22d, 1868. (Stats. 1863, p. 386.) It is claimed on the part of respondent that, as the Legislature conferred on the relator the right, ex officio, as Sheriff, to discharge the duties of the office of Tax Collector, it must be conceded to have the power to repeal, in whole or in part, the law conferring such right on the relator, and to confer the same on any other person holding some other county office. The proposition, as stated, cannot he maintained. Although we admit the legislative power to repeal the law devolving the duties of Tax Collector upon the Sheriff, and thereby to deprive the Sheriff of the right to perform the duties of Tax Collector, provided such repeal does not, in [475] effect, abolish the office of Tax Collector, it does not follow that the Legislature has the power of conferring the duties of Tax Collector on any other county officer or person not not elected to the office by the electors of the county. The last clause of section thirteen, of Article VI, óf our State Constitution requires that “ Assessors and Collectors of town, county and State taxes shall be elected by the qualified electors of the district, county or town in which the property taxed for State, county or town purposes is situated.” This clause of the Constitution is imperative and mandatory, and restricts the power of the Legislature to a particular mode of providing Assessors and Collectors of town, county and State taxes in the first instance, subject to such mode of filling vacancies which may occur by the death, resignation or other disability of the incumbent, as the Constitution has and statute law may provide. Unquestionably the Legislature may by law provide that the County Treasurer, Sheriff or any other county officer shall perform the duties of Tax Collector; but the law devolving such ex officio duty upon any county officer, must precede the election of such officer, so that the electors of the county may have an opportunity under the law of selecting the person or officer charged with the duties of Tax Collector. At the date of the passage of the statute devolving the duties of Tax Collector of San Joaquin County upon the respondent, as Treasurer of the county, viz: April 2d, 1866, it is not pretended a vacancy had occurred in the office of Tax Collector, nor that such vacancy had been in any legal manner declared on the first Monday of March, 1867, the day upon which said statute, by its terms, took effect, and respondent entered upon the duties of Tax Collector and excluded appellant therefrom. The statute was not enacted for the purpose of filling a vacancy in the office of Tax Collector actually existing or prospective. [476] Its design is to make the Treasurer of San Joaquin County ex officio Tax Collector, instead of the Sheriff. This the Legislature could not accomplish until after a Treasurer had heen elected, under the law, by the qualified electors of the county. But so far as the Act assumes to transfer the duties of the office of Tax Collector from the Sheriff, an officer elected in contemplation of performing the duties of Tax Collector, to the Treasurer, an officer not selected by the electors of the county as Tax Collector, from the first Monday of March, 1867, to the first Monday of March, 1868, it is manifestly in conflict with the spirit and letter of the clause of our State Constitution hereinbefore quoted. (Merrill v. Gorham, 6 Cal. 43; People v. Hastings, 29 Cal. 451.) Judgment reversed, and cause remanded with directions to the Court below to enter judgment against defendant, and in favor of relator as prayed for.