Woods v. Sawtelle

By the Court, Rhodes, J.: This is an action to determine a contest in respect to the right to purchase from the State certain portions of a sixteenth section of public land. The cause was submitted upon the pleadings, and a stipulation by which the parties agreed to certain facts. The plat of the survey of the township was returned to the Register of the proper Land Office, in 1862. For more than one year prior to March 28th, 1868, the plaintiff was, and from that time has been, in the possession of the lands. On the 19th day of December, 1870, the defendant made an application to purchase the lands, and on the 27th day of February, 1871, the Surveyor General approved the application, and subsequently a certificate of purchase was issued to him. In February, 1871, the plaintiff made an application to purchase the lands, but the Surveyor General refused to approve the application. Both [391] applications were made under the Act of March 28th, 1868. (Stats. 1867-8, p. 507.) That Act (Secs. 52 and 53) secures to the occupant of a portion of a sixteenth or thirty-sixth section, the prior right to purchase the same, for the period of six months after the passage of the Act, or for the period of sixty days after his settlement on the land, when such settlement was made after the expiration of six months after the passage of the Act. If such occupant does not make an application to purchase within the periods above mentioned, any other person may make an application to purchase the lands; and if made in due form, and prior to any other application, he gains a preference over the occupant. The facts which such application (the affidavit) must contain, are recited in section fifty-two. It is provided, among other things, that if there is no occupation adverse to that of the applicant, he must so state; and if there is an adverse occupation, he must state that fact, and “that the township has been sectionized and subject to preemption three months or over, and that said adverse occupant (giving his or her name) has been in such occupation more than sixty days.” The rule is well established, that an application to purchase lands of the State must conform to the statute, or it will be regarded as invalid; that the applicant is not entitled to purchase the lands unless the applications state the requisite facts. (Hildebrand v. Stewart, 41 Cal. 387.) Neither the pleadings nor the stipulation states that the defendant’s application set forth the fact that the plaintiff had been in the adverse occupation of the lands more than sixty days before the application was made, though the township had been sectionized many years before that time, and the plaintiff had been in the adverse occupation of the lands more than a year. It is contended, however, that because the Surveyor General approved the application it will be presumed that it [392] conformed to the statute; but we are of the opinion that the defendant cannot rely on that presumption in this action. The action is brought to determine which of the parties has the better right to make the purchase, and it becomes necessary for each party to state directly all the facts upon which he relies to show that his is the better right. In our opinion, the defendant’s, application to purchase, should have stated that the plaintiff was in the adverse occupation of the lands more than sixty days before his (the defendant’s) application was made, and that for the want of such statement, it is not in the form prescribed by law. Judgment and order affirmed. Mr. Justice Belcher, being disqualified, did not sit in the case.