Ex parte Noble

McFarland, J. — The petitioner was convicted in a justice’s court of a misdemeanor in' maintaining a place where intoxicating liquors were sold, in violation of an ordinance of Sutter County, and sentenced to pay a fine of twenty-five dollars, and to be imprisoned until it was paid at the rate of two dollars a day. An appeal was taken by petitioner to the superior court of said Sutter County, and the judgment was affirmed. The point, elaborately argued by counsel for petitioner, that the ordinance in question is “ in conflict with general laws,” and therefore void, was decided by this court adversely to petitioner’s contention in Ex parte Campbell, 74 Cal. 20; 5 Am. St. Rep. 418. There is nothing in the point that the judgment is void because it provides for the payment of the fine “ forthwith.” Such a judgment would necessarily take effect forthwith, even though the latter word were not used. The judgment that petitioner pay a fine of twenty-five dollars, and in case said fine is not paid forthwith, that he “ be imprisoned in the county jail of Sutter County [364] until the fine be paid in proportion of one day’s imprisonment for every two dollars of the fine,” is clearly within the provision of section 1446 of the Penal Code. The judgment is not invalid because it requires the petitioner to be imprisoned only at the rate of one day for every two dollars of the fine, while it might have made the rate one day for every dollar. (Ex parte Soto, 88 Cal. 624.) The point that petitioner should be discharged because the return of the sheriff does not show that the ordinance was properly published, etc., is not tenable. The sheriff was only required to return the commitment, which was a copy of the judgment. Whether the ordinance was published, whether there was proof of publication, and whether the ordinance was properly passed, etc., were mere questions of fact to be passed upon by the trial court; and the writ of habeas corpus is not intended as a means of retrying issues of fact, or of reviewing errors alleged to have been committed in the course of a legal trial. (Ex parte Cottrell, 59 Cal. 420.) If there were any such errors, petitioner had a remedy by appeal to the superior court; and as he did take such appeal, and the judgment was affirmed, it might be at least plausibly argued that we are now dealing with the judgment of a superior court. But apart from that consideration, a justice’s court has power to pass upon and conclusively determine facts upon which its jurisdiction in part depends. (In re Grove Street, 61 Cal. 453; Ex parte Stearns, 77 Cal. 162,163; 11 Am. St. Rep. 251.) There is nothing in Ex parte Kearny, 55 Cal. 212, to help petitioner’s contention. It was merely held there that the court on habeas corpus could look into the complaint to see if it charged an offense under the ordinance there in question; but the court said: “ We have assumed that the existence of the ordinances which, as claimed, gave the police court the appropriate jurisdiction, and the publication thereof, supposing the publication to be inquirable into by the court, were matters to be ascertained by the police court, and that on habeas corpus we ought not [365] to go behind the finding of the police court with respect to such matters.” Justices of the peace have jurisdiction to try misdemeanors such as that of which petitioner was convicted. (Code Civ. Proc., sec. 115.) The prayer of the petition is denied, and the petitioner is remanded to the custody of the officer. Sharpstein, J., Paterson, J., and Beatty, J., concurred.