Waring v. Waring

Emott, J. The first clause of section 122 of the Code is intended to apply to cases where the controversy in the suit ccmnot be determined without the presence of other parties besides those in court. Whenever this becomes manifest at any stage of the proceedings, the court not only may but must cause the defect to be supplied and the parties whose presence is needful to a full determination of the subject matter of the suit, and of the dispute between the present parties to be brought in. (Davis v. The Mayor of New York, 2 Duer, 663). The matters in controversy between the parties in this suit are the extent of the shares and interests of the various devisees of the lands which passed by the will of Henry Waring, and the question whether these lands can be divided or must be sold. It is obvious that there is no necessity that the petitioner, Clarke, should be a party to the suit to accomplish a final decision of either of these questions. Judgment creditors are not necessary, if they are in any case proper parties to a partition suit, and the claim of the petitioner in its most favorable aspect is only to a lien similar in its nature to that of a judgment. I am inclined to think that an action for the partition of lands may be regarded as an action for the recovery of specific real property within the meaning of the latter clause of ■ section 122 of the Code. At least it is not necessary to hold that it is not in order to dispose of this motion. Waiving all question whether there is enough shown in the petition to establish a liability of the estate of Henry Waring, the deceased partner, and beyond that to entitle the petitioner to resort to his real estate, it is quite clear that this is not a case where the person claiming to be a creditor of the testator under these circumstances has an interest in the subject matter [249] of a suit for the partition of his lands, or can demand to be made a party to such a suit. Admitting that the petitioner is a creditor by simple contract, of the testator, and that he shows sufficiently all that is requisite to entitle him to resort to the real estate devised for payment, he still does not establish any title to the lands or their proceeds that would of itself overreach the conveyances of the devisees or the deed under a judgment in this suit. In Matthews v. Matthews, (1 Edw., 565), the suit was brought and the objections taken within the statutory period of three years after the issuing of letters testamentary, which is given to the executors to sell lands for the payment of debts. And upon -its being shown that there was reason to apprehend a deficiency of assets for the payment of debts, the vice-chancellor stayed the proceedings in the partition suit until the personal estate could be administered, because if the occasion should arise for an application by the executors to the surrogate for an order to sell the lands for the. payment of debts, a sale under his order would override any title that could be made, by the heirs or in a suit to which they were, parties. But there was no intimation in that case that the creditors who might be entitled to share in the distribution of the proceeds of such a sale were necessary or proper parties to the partition suit. There is an intimation of an opinion by the learned vice-chancellor that no conveyance before the expiration of the three years can be made “ in good faith ” by an heir or devisee to any purchaser whatever. If by this is meant that no conveyance can be made previous to the expiration of that limit, which will defeat the surrogate’s power to sell for the payment of debts under the statute, that is evidently true, and that was all that was necessary for the decision of the question before the court. But if the remark was intended to express the opinion that no conveyance could be made by an heir or devisee within three years after letters testamentary had issued on the estate of the ancestor which would satisfy the meaning of the words, “ aliened in good faith,” in the statute, (2 Rev. Stats., 455, §§ 51, 61), then with great deference to the accomplished judge alluded to, I cannot but- think that opinion was [250] not well considered. The true view of these statutes was undoubtedly taken by the late Justice Barculo in the case of Hyde v. Tanner (1 Barb., S. C. R., 75). During the three years after granting letters testamentary or of administration, the real estate of which the testator or intestate died seized remains liable to be sold by the order of the surrogate on the application of the personal representatives for the payment of debts. There is nothing to prevent an heir or devisee from selling and conveying during these three years. Any title, however, derived from or through heirs or devisees before the expiration of this period is subject to this sort of statutory lien, and will be overreached and defeated by the proper exercise of this statutory power. But this power must be exercised within this period, and that once past, a previous purchaser in good faith, that is for value and without notice of the existence of the debts, has a title which is secure against any suit by a creditor of the ancestor. In the present case a portion of these lands appear to have been aliened, and, as far as the facts are alleged or disclosed on either side, aliened in good faith without notice of debts previous to the completion of three years from the issuing of letters testamentary on the estate of Henry Waring. These three years, during which the lands could have been sold by the executors for the payment of debts, have now however passed. The petitioner has lost that remedy by his inactivity, and without more than is shown by his petition, he never can subject the lands conveyed to Mr. Cromwell, nor the purchaser, to any lien or responsibility for any portion of his debt if he have one against the estate of Henry Waring. With respect to such of the devisees and parties to the present action as have not aliened their interests in these lands, the case would be somewhat different. But as to them a creditor by simple contract of the ancestor or rather of a partnership of which the ancestor was at the time of his death a member, is, before he has commenced a suit to establish his claim and enforce its collection in the manner and to the extent permitted by the statute against heirs or devisees, in a position very faintly assimilated even to that of a general judgment creditor. After the creditor has instituted a suit in the precise [251] manner directed by the statute, has encountered all the defences which may exist to his claim, and has had an accounting of all the debts and assets of the ancestor properly marshalled, he will at length obtain a judgment against each of the devisees for their.proper and proportionate share of his debt. This judgment is declared a lien upon the lands received by devise in preference to any judgment for the individual debt of any devisee, and shall be levied of the real estate devised alone if it has not been aliened, otherwise of any property of the devisee to the extent of the value of what he took by devise. It is not until this point is reached that anything like a lien upon any interest in this real estate will be created. This result .must be attained in the method directed by the statute. (2 Rev. Stats., 450, § 99). The proceedings contemplated by this chapter, it has been repeatedly held, are a substitute for all former remedies, legal and equitable, against heirs or devisees. (See Butts v. Genung, 5 Paige, 254; Chambaugh v. Gates, 11 Paige, 505). They must be rigorously and precisely pursued according to the statute. They cannot be joined with proceedings against the personal representatives of the debtor, and certainly they cannot be mixed up with a partition suit. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to try all the questions which the claim of the petitioner involves in such a suit as this. Some of the shares or interests in the premises appear, as far as the facts are now disclosed, not to be subject to any charge or liability on account of this claim. As to these shares the petitioner would gain nothing by introducing such a litigation as he proposes into this suit, while their owners would be unjustly subjected to the vexation and delay of a protracted controversy in which they had no interest before they could obtain the possession of their interest in the lands or the proceeds. And as to the portion of lands which have not been aliened, I am unable to see how the petitioner would be in any better position by becoming a party to-this action than he can attain by commencing the suit which the statute gives him. If he has or can ever get any lien it must be by making the allegations and proofs, and after exhausting all the preliminary [252] remedies which the provisions of the statute require. If there is any obstacle to his accomplishing this in the regular and ordinary way by such a suit, it ought not to be removed by this indirect procedure; and if there be not, then the present suit will not be in the way of the collection of his debts by the §j:atute remedies. I am satisfied that the petition makes out no case for an interference with this petition suit, by amendment or otherwise, making an accounting of the whole estate of Henry Waring, besides an investigation of the affairs of the partnership of which he was a member, a part of the present action. The application for a receiver as a substantive, independent remedy, I presume, will not be seriously urged. The application must be denied, with ten dollars costs to each of the parties opposing the motion.