Houghtaling v. Marvin

By the Court, Allen, J. It is very clear, from the evidence, that the bill or order of the administrator Hayden upon the treasurer of the turnpike company, for the dividends upon the stock of the intestate, was not intended as an absolute transfer of the fund to the defendant. It was an authority to him to receive the money; and unless it was a power coupled with an interest in the defendant or some other person, the authority was revoked by the death of the principal, (Hayden,) before the receipt of the money, and the defendant, upon its receipt, became a trustee for the representatives of the estate of Wilcox. The interest which will authorize the execution of the power, after the death of the principal, must be an interest in the thing itself which is the subject of the power, and not in the proceeds or avails such thing. (Hunt v. Rousmanier’s Executors, 8 Wheat. 174.) If there is merely a power to a creditor to receive a debt expressly for the purpose of liquidating the claim of the creditor, unaccompanied however by an actual assign* [414] ment of the debt or by any security to which the power might have been ancillary, it is revoked by the death of the principal, (Lepard v. Vernon, 2 V. & B. 51. Paley on Agency, by Dunlap, 186. Story on Bailm. § 209. Story on Agency, §§ 488, 489.) In this case the legal title to the fund in the hands of the treasurer of the turnpike company was by the order of Hayden vested in the defendant to the amount advanced by him upon the faith of such order. The order itself, without consideration, was a naked power to receive the money for the use, of the drawer, and was revocable at his pleasure, or by his death. But if the defendant paid or advanced money to Hayden and took the order as a security for the sum so paid or advanced, then, to that amount the order operated to transfer the fund, and became a power coupled with an interest, which survived the drawer. (Knapp v. Alvord, 10 Paige, 205. Tate v Hitber, 2 Ves. 111.) It can make no difference that Hayden was acting as administrator. Having funds belonging to the estate, at a place distant from his residence, he had the right to transfer them in this manner, with a view to realize them at the point where they were wanted for the purpose of administration. The mere fact that Hayden drew the bill as administrator, in favor of a third person who was willing to discount it, or advance the money upon it, would not, of itself, be evidence of a devastavit, or charge the drawer of the bill with the receipt of moneys to the use of the estate. Whether the defendant did advance money to Hayden upon the faith of the security furnished by the bill, and take and rely upon the bill as such security, and if so, to what amount, does not very distinctly appear; although, had that question been put to the jury and they had found in favor of the defendant, to the amount paid by him to, Tyler before the death of Hayden, perhaps the verdict could not have been set aside as against evidence. But the amount paid to Tyler, after the death of Hayden, was paid by ti^ defendant without authority, and in his own wrong. He was the son-in-law of Hayden, living in the same neighborhood, and knew of his death. He says that he assisted in the settlement of his es [415] tate. He therefore can not claim to have paid it in ignorance of his death, and to be protected within the principle of 2 Ves. 111; and Smart v. Illery, (10 Mees. & Weis. 1.) It can not be claimed that for that amount the order was a power to the defendant coupled with an interest in himself or in Tyler, the creditor of Hayden. Not for his own benefit, for he had not paid the money to Tyler, nor had he become bound, as surety for Hayden, or otherwise, to pay it to him. Not for the benefit of Tyler, for the reason that there was no attempt to transfer the fund to him, or give him any pledge or lien upon it. Hayden, up to the time of his death, had complete control of this part of the fund, and if he had at any time directed the defendant to pay it to Tyler when received, he could, while living, have revoked the order; and it was revoked by his death. The justice charged the jury that if there was an arrangement between the defendant and Hayden by which he was to draw the money and pay it over to Tyler or retain it for advances made or to be made by him, for Hayden, and if he did draw and pay it over, in pursuance of such arrangement, then he was not liable. That if the jury found that there was such an arrangement the defendant might be regarded as the mere agent of Hayden in drawing and paying over the money, and that even if Hayden had not the right so to direct its disposition the defendant was not liable. This part of the charge was too broad, and should have been qualified. For if, as supposed, the defendant was the mere agent of Hayden to pay the money to Tyler, the agency ceased at the death of Hayden, and a payment after that time was without authority. And for the amount so paid the plaintiff was entitled to a verdict. Without 'examining the other questions made upon the argument, a new trial must be granted; costs to abide the event.