Hallas v. Bell

By the Court, Johnson, J. This is an appeal from an order granting a new trial by the justice holding the circuit, at which the action was tried, upon his minutes. The question tried was whether the small strip, or gore of land, on which the trespass complained of was alleged to have been committed, was covered by the plaintiff’s deed; and the jury, by their verdict, found that it was not, but that it had been conveyed to the defendant by the same grantor, by a deed of a subsequent date. The new trial was granted, as appears by the opinion of the learned justice who tried the action, upon the sole ground that it appeared from the evidence, without contradiction, that the plaintiff was in the actual possession of said strip, or gore, and had it enclosed, and was cultivating the same, and claiming it as part of her lot, under her deed, when the defendant took his conveyance of the adjoining lot. This, it was held, rendered the defendant’s deed to that portion of his lot embraced within this gore void as against the plaintiff’s deed, under the statute concerning the conveyance of lands adversely possessed. (1 R. S. 739, § 147.) This was erroneous. The Court of Appeals, in Crary v. Goodman, (22 N. Y. Rep. 170,) decided that in order to avoid a subsequent grant under this statute the prior possession must be under claim of some specific title. The title under which the prior possession is claimed to be held, must cover the premises. If the lines under the [249] first grant are erroneously located, so as to embrace more land than is actually covered by such grant, the subsequent grant of the land contiguous to the first, is not affected, as to that portion thus erroneously included within the lines by the first grantee, though actually occupied and claimed by him under his grant. This decision of the Court of Appeals seems to have escaped the notice of counsel on both sides, as it is not referred to in their points, nor in the opinion at special term. It is, however, entirely decisive of the question here presented. The cases are precisely alike, except in the quantity of land affected by the erroneous location of the boundary line. The “ claim ” to the land possessed, must be “ under a title,” or it will not affect the subsequent grant, otherwise valid, of the disputed territory. If the prior adverse possession has continued for a period of twenty years, “ under claim of title,” such claim will be good against the legal title, even though a portion of the premises so possessed is not covered by the conveyance. (2 R. S. 294, § 82.) [Monroe General Term, March 1, 1869. It is determined by the verdict that the grant , to the plaintiff did not cover the gore in question, but that it was embraced in the subsequent conveyance to the defendant. Her claim was not, therefore, “ under,” but outside of her title, and the defendant’s grant to the disputed piece is valid. The order granting a new trial must, therefore, be reversed, a new trial denied, and judgment ordered for the defendant on the verdict. B. D. Smith, Johnson and J. G. Smith, Justices.]