Jackson ex dem. Bradt v. Whitbeck

Curia, per Sutherland, J. Without determining whether a claim of title under a parol gift, is sufficient to-lay the foundation of an adverse possession, (vid. 13 John. 120,) it appears to me, that, admitting the premises in question to have descended to the children of Bernardas Bradt, as tenants in common, the evidence in the case warrants the presumption of an actual ouster of his co-tenants by Hendrick. Here has been an exclusive possession, under claim of title, for forty years, without any assertion of right, or claim to any portion of the profits of the premises on the part of his co-tenants ; although they all resided in the same county, within 40 miles of the premises. In Doe v. Prosser, (Cowp. 217,) it was held that 36 years sole, and uninterrupted possession, by one tenant in common, without any account to, or claim by his companion, was a sufficient ground for a jury to presume an actual ouster of the co-tenant. Lord Mansfield says, “ the possession of one tenant in common co nomine, as tenant in common, can never bar his companions ; because such possession is not adverse to his right, but in support of their common title ; and by paying him his share, he acknowledges him to be tenant. Nor is a refusal to poy> [634] without denying his title, sufficient. But if, upon demand by the co-tenant, of his moiety, the other refuses to pay, and denies his title, saying he claims the whole, and will not: PaJt anc^ continues in possession; such possession is adverse, and ouster enough.” “ In this case,” he continues, “no evidence whatsoever appears, of any account demanded, or of any payment of rents and profits, or of any claim by the lessors of the plaintiff, or of any acknowledgment of a title in them, or in those under whom they would now set up a right. I am, therefore, clearly of opinion, that an undisturbed and quiet possession, for such a length of time, is sufficient ground for a jury to presume an actual ouster.” Aston, J. says, “in this case, there has been a sole and quiet possession for 40 years, by one tenant in common only, without any demand, or claim of any account by the other; and without any payment to him during that time. What is adverse possession or ouster, if the uninterrupted receipt of the rents and profits, without any account for near forty years, is not ?” Wil-les and Ashurst, Js. expressed the same opinion. That case was, in no respect, a stronger one for the defendant, than the one at bar. So in Van Dyck v. Van Buren, (1 Caines’ Rep. 84,) the same doctrine was held ; that a sole possession under claim of right for 40 years, by one tenant in common, amounts to an ouster ; not that the jury might presume it from this fact; but that the law raises the presumption ; and the jury were not at liberty to resist it. Whether it be a presumption of fact, to be found by the jury, as was held in Doe v. Prosser, or a presumption of law to be drawn by the court, as wras said in Van Dyck v. Van Buren, is not material in this case ; for the verdict being subject to the opinion of the court, we are substituted for the jury, and have the right to draw the same conclusions from the testimony, which the jury, in the opinion of the court, would have been authorized to draw. We are, therefore, of opinion that the defendant is entitled to judgment. Judgment for the defendant.