Farmer v. Robbins

Hardin, J. From the papers used upon this motion, the facts must be found which show that at the time of the arrest the defendant was exempt from arrest, being as he then was in attendance upon a referee under a subpoena, and being about to return to his home, having made no unnecessary delay or deviation from the proper route (2 R. S., page 418, § 51). By section 54 of the 2d Bevised Statutes, 419, it is provided that “ every arrest of a witness, made contrary to the foregoing provisions, shall be absolutely void, and shall be deemed a contempt of the coiirt issuing the subpoena.” The plaintiff had no right to have the defendant arrested at the time and place where the same took place, and the arrest was absolutely void. But it was insisted upon the argument, by the learned counsel who oppose this mption, that the defendant waived his privilege from arrest, 1. By causing a general notice of appearance to be served on the plaintiff’s atttorneys. 2. By entering into bail to procure his discharge : from the arrest. 3. By omitting to claim, to the officer who made the arrest, that he was privileged from arrest; and. several cases decided prior to 1853 are cited in support of the position taken by the defendant’s counsel. The case of Stewart agt. Howard (15 Barb., 26) was decided in January, 1853, and upon an appeal from an order made by justice Hand, whose decision was sustained. When Steioart agt. Howard was decided, section 204 of [417] the Code (then sec. 179) allowed a defendant “ at any time before the justification of bail to apply on motion to vacate the order of arrest, &c.; and as the party had given bail who had justified, a motion to set aside the order of arrest was, therefore, too late, and for that reason was doubtless decided by justice Hand at special term; and the order was affirmed January, 1853, with the concurrence of Hand, J. The case of the Columbia Ins. Co. agt. Force (8 How., 353) was decided in the same district in general term in Hay, 1853, and the opinion was delivered by justice Hand, which opinion is opposed to the dictum of Willard, J., in Stewart agt. Howard (supra), and being by the same district is to be treated as the better authority, inasmuch as it is later in point of time and upon points necessarily involved in the decision of the case. By inspection of this latter case (8 How.) it will be found that the court held that executing a bond to obtain a discharge from arrest did not have the effect to waive the defendant’s objections to the legality of the arrest (Page 354; citing, also, J. B. Moore, 64; 10 id., 322, and 2 D. & R., 73; id., 237). The same learned judge adds: “ That requesting and obtaining further time to answer was not a waiver of any irregularity in the arrest.” The same reason given is that now an arrest is no part of-the commencement of the suit. The summons may be served and the cause put at issue before an order of arrest is obtained. The defendant in this case was liable to be served with a summons, and he was at liberty to appear and obtain the complaint, and to protect himself from the effect of the service of the summons to prevent the entry of judgment for an unfounded claim, irrespective of the questions touching his exemption from arrest. It follows from the force proper to be given to the case in 8 Howard, that 15 Barbour, 26, is of little weight upon the question presented by the plaintiff’s counsel. The counsel for plaintiff cites Guffing agt. Burton (12 [418] How., 516). That case was decided in 1856, and held that a motion could not be made to vacate an order of arrest after bail had become perfected by lapse of time (as the section read then, ten days from the time specified in the order for the return'thereof) if no exception was made by the plaintiff. In Cady agt. Edmonds (12 How., 197), Allen, J., in 1855, held that the right to move existed until actual justification ; and that the ten-day rule did not cut it off. That conflict was disposed of by the subsequent act of the legislature. In 1858, section 204 of the Code was amended so as to read as follows: “A defendant arrested may, at any time before judgment, apply, on motion to vacate the order of arrest, and to reduce the amount of bail.” Since that amendment numerous cases have held that putting in bail does not waive a party’s right to question the sufficiency of the proceedings for arrest, or the validity of the order (Knickerbocker agt. Eoclesien (6 Abbott [N. S.], 9; S. C., 11 Abbott [N. S.], 385). The effect of the amendments was discussed by Gould, J"., in Warren agt. Wendell (13 Abbott, 187); and at page 190 he says: “ it clearly provides for a case where bail has been put in.” “ The meaning of the present provision is that, to avoid being actually confined, a party may give bail and perfect it, and thereafter have time to make out papers, move for a vacation of the order until judgment entered.” In Barker agt. Wheeler (23 How., 193), Mullln, J., delivered an opinion, based upon the amendment of 1858, and reached the conclusion that a party was given by it the right to move any time before judgment. The same learned judge holds that the Code swept away the old practice. After the doctrine of Barker agt. Wheeler was announced, holding that a motion could be made any time prior to judgment, and not thereafter, section 183 of the Code was amended by the act of 1862, so as to permit a party to move any time within twenty days after the service of the order of arrest in which to answer the complaint, and to move to vacate .the order of arrest. [419] That section, as it now stands, must be construed in connection with section 204, and is not inconsistent with it. The effect of the amendment of 1862, of section 183, being to permit a party to move, even after judgment, if within twenty days after the service of the order of arrest (Pelo agt. Clukey, 36 How., 179, opinion by James, J.). When the defendant was arrested he was in the village of Herkimer, where the county judge resides who granted the order of arrest, who was the referee before whom the defendant had been sworn as a witness. If the arrest was made while the reference was pending the referee could have discharged the same. If the arrest was made, as I think the affidavits establish, after the reference was closed, then the defendant could have applied to the county judge for a discharge from arrest, if the sheriff had insisted upon holding the witness after a claim by the party of his exemption from arrest (See section 53, 2 R. S., 419). It therefore appears that the defendant failed to claim his personal privilege to the sheriff, and failed to demand from the county judge (who issued the order), as he had a right, to his personal privilege, and on the contrary acquiesced in the arrest by his silence in respect to his personal privilege, and, in addition to that, entered into the usual undertaking, and then awaited some twenty-two days before serving the motion papers for an order discharging the arrest. The opinion of Brady, J., in Petrie agt. Fitzgerald (1 Daly, 401), is in point, and the reasoning applies to this case, and must be followed, and the defendant held to have waived his “ personal privilege,” and to have acquiesced in the arrest. He might, by application to the county judge, been discharged *in ten minutes from his arrest. He has not been free from laches in his efforts to get rid of an arrest to which he had a valid objection, had it been taken in time (1 Daly, 401; 2 Robertson, 704; 15 Barb., 26; 4 Daly, 107; 11 Mass., 11 and 14). Motion denied, with ten dollars costs.